肝细胞癌超声诊疗基础研究进展:从诊断、治疗到诊疗一体化OA

The precise diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)face major challenges such as the complexity of tumor microenvironment,treatment resistance,and a high risk of recurrence and metastasis.In recent years,ultrasound technology has moved beyond its traditional role in screening and localization,gradually evolving into a multidimensional therapeutic platform capable of energy activation,targeted delivery,local ablation,immune modulation,and therapeutic feedback.This article systematically reviews the latest advances in the basic research on ultrasound techniques in HCC treatment and integrated management.In terms of treatment,intervention strategies represented by microbubble/nanobubble-mediated delivery,sonodynamic therapy,high-intensity focused ultrasound,and histotripsy not only enable in situ physical destruction of lesions,but also effectively reverse tumor immune tolerance networks through deep synergy with sonogenetics,metabolic reprogramming,and immunochemotherapy.In terms of integrated management,novel sonosensitive nanodelivery systems provide a platform for energy activation and targeted controlled release.To address the translational bottlenecks in this field,it is recommended to develop standardized consensus on preclinical therapeutic ultrasound parameters,in order to establish a new translational paradigm for individualized precise diagnosis and treatment of HCC.