面向智能内河航运的无线信道特性研究综述:测量方法与建模技术OA

As intelligent shipping systems continue to develop rapidly,efficient and reliable wireless communica-tions become one of the key enabling technologies for supporting vessel state sensing,waterway environmental monitoring,and collaborative operations.Based on the existing body of research,this paper reviews recent advances in wireless channel characterization for intelligent inland shipping and highlights the unique challenges that distin-guish inland waterways from terrestrial and near-shore environments,including corridor-like wide-area coverage in-duced by complex land-water mixed topologies,navigation environments and natural conditions,and dense man-made structures(e.g.,bridges)and other obstructions.Representative inland waterways worldwide are exam-ined,and by analyzing the adaptability bottlenecks of current communication technologies in inland scenarios,it is shown that conventional channel models cannot accurately capture the propagation mechanisms specific to inland waterways.The review focuses on two core aspects:channel measurement and channel modeling,while also sum-marizing differences across typical frequency bands and waterway segments,comparing the applicability boundar-ies of statistical and geometry-based modeling approaches,and outlining key procedures for parameter acquisition and validation to inform future research.On the measurement side,three major characteristics are identified,namely the sparsity of air-space-water links,the instability caused by vessel motion,and evaporation-duct effects;the limita-tions of existing measurement schemes are then discussed in terms of dynamic trajectory tracking,localized meteo-rological coupling,and high-resolution capture of non-line-of-sight paths.On the modeling side,large-scale and small-scale fading models applicable to inland environments are reviewed,and the limitations of existing models in finely characterizing the coupled dynamics of vessel-induced motion and time-varying water-surface reflections,as well as constrained scenarios such as bridge canyons,are emphasized.Finally,building a highly reliable communica-tion network with full-coverage capability for inland waterways calls for breakthroughs in environment-driven high-fidelity channel modeling,multi-band propagation mechanism analysis,and the design of coordinated"shore-ship-cloud"architectures.