秸秆还田覆盖下智能调速带状旋耕系统设计与试验OA
Design and Experiment of Intelligent Speed-Regulating Strip Rotary Tillage System Under Straw Mulching Returning Mode
针对条带旋耕中玉米秸秆覆盖度空间异质性导致的作业能耗与混埋质量失配问题,提出一种基于作业前地块预评估的智能调速方法.系统由视觉模块、控制单元、电液比例阀及液压马达构成,采用Deep-Labv3+语义分割模型对田间秸秆覆盖进行像素级识别,按覆盖率分为稀疏(<30%)、中等(30%～60%)、密集(>60%)3级.以EDEM单因素仿真优化旋耕刀正切面安装角至75°,田间旋耕刀对比试验表明较优化前工作能耗降低17.11%.基于田间响应面试验得到最优恒速转速为320 r/min,向两侧各扩展40 r/min构建3挡预设转速(280,320,360 r/min),分别匹配3个覆盖等级.黑土田间试验结果表明,智能调速模式下秸秆混埋率87.6%,与恒速最优作业的88.3%统计等效;作业能耗为17.98 kJ,较恒速降低10.3%.在黑钙土与草甸土的适应性试验中,智能调速分别节能14.7%和13.4%,混埋率降幅随土壤黏重程度增大,但均不显著.该结果说明所提作业前预评估调速系统可在维持混埋质量等效的前提下显著降低作业能耗,为保护性耕作装备的智能化升级提供了可行方案.
Aiming at the mismatch between operation energy consumption and mixing-burying qual-ity caused by the spatial heterogeneity of maize straw coverage during strip rotary tillage,an intelli-gent speed regulation method was proposed based on pre-field evaluation before operation.The sys-tem consists of a vision module,a control unit,an electro-hydraulic proportional valve and a hydrau-lic motor.The DeepLabv3+semantic segmentation model was adopted to realize pixel-level identifi-cation of field straw coverage,which is classified into three grades of sparse,medium and dense ac-cording to coverage rates of<30%,30%-60%and>60%.Single-factor EDEM simulation was used to optimize the mounting angle of the front cutting surface of rotary blades to 75°,and comparative field tests on rotary blades reveal that the operation energy consumption decreased by 17.11%com-pared with the pre-optimization state.The optimal constant rotational speed of 320 r/min was ob-tained through field response surface tests,and three preset rotational speeds(280,320,360 r/min)were established by expanding 40 r/min to both sides,each corresponding to one straw coverage grade.Field tests on black soil show that the straw mixing-burying rate under the intelligent speed regulation mode reached 87.6%,which is statistically equivalent to the optimal constant-speed opera-tion value of 88.3%.The operation energy consumption was 17.98 kJ,representing an 10.3%reduc-tion relative to constant-speed operation.Adaptability tests conducted on chernozem and meadow soil demonstrate energy savings of 14.7%and 13.4%,respectively,with intelligent speed regulation.Although the decline of mixing-burying rate rose with the increase of soil clay content,all declines were statistically insignificant.The results indicate that the proposed pre-operation evaluation speed regulation system can significantly cut down operation energy consumption while maintaining equiva-lent mixing-burying quality,offering a feasible solution to the intelligent upgrading of conservation tillage equipment.
王跃勇;赵宣;李付萱;巩发栋;陈军辉;宋伟;刘媛媛;初小兵;牛学智
吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学信息技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学信息技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学信息技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春 130118吉林农业大学信息技术学院,长春 130118长春市农业机械研究院,长春 130062吉林省农业机械化管理中心,长春 130062
农业科技
秸秆还田条带旋耕机秸秆覆盖识别自适应调速EDEM仿真
straw returningstrip rotary tillerstraw coverage recognitionadaptive speed regula-tionEDEM simulation
《吉林农业大学学报》 2026 (4)
652-666,15
国家自然科学基金项目(32472003),吉林省科技厅重点研发项目(20230202039NC)
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