耕作方式配施有机物料对黑钙土玉米产量和品质的影响OA
Effects of Tillage Method Combined with Organic Material Application on Yield and Quality of Maize in Chernozem
于2024-2025年开展田间试验,研究耕作方式[免耕(NT)、深翻(PT)、旋耕(RT)]配施有机物料[秸秆(S)、秸秆+猪粪(SM)、秸秆+黄腐酸有机肥(SH)、秸秆+微生物有机肥(SW)]对玉米株高、SPAD值、地上部干物质积累量、产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质的影响,以明确适宜黑钙土区玉米稳产提质的耕作方式和有机物料.结果表明,不同耕作方式间比较,总体上,PT处理株高、完熟期地上部干物质积累量、穗数、穗粒数、产量、籽粒淀粉含量均最高,2024年和2025年产量较NT处理分别提高9.4%和5.0%;RT处理百粒质量、粗蛋白含量、总氨基酸含量、赖氨酸含量、亮氨酸含量均最高.不同有机物料间比较,产量存在年际间差异,2024年S处理产量最高,2025年SH处理产量最高;SW处理完熟期地上部干物质积累量最高;SM处理淀粉含量最高;SH处理粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总氨基酸含量最高.不同组合间比较,2024年PTSW处理产量最高,为11 576.2 kg/hm²,较免耕不施有机物料处理(NTN)提高21.3%;2025年 PTSH 处理产量最高,为 14 590.2 kg/hm²,较 NTN 处理提高 21.2%;PTSM 处理淀粉含量最高,为65.08%,较NTN处理提高2.1%;RTS处理粗蛋白含量最高,为8.71%,较NTN处理提高16.8%;RTSH处理总氨基酸含量最高,为4.14%,较NTN处理提高18.7%.产量与株高、百粒质量、穗数、穗粒数、粗蛋白含量和地上部干物质积累量均呈显著正相关.综合来看,PT处理可作为黑钙土区玉米稳产提质的适宜耕作方式,有机物料中SH处理综合表现较均衡,PTSH处理可作为稳产提质的优先推荐组合.
A field experiment was conducted from 2024 to 2025 to investigate the effects of tillage methods[no tillage(NT),deep tillage(PT),and rotary tillage(RT)]combined with organic materials[straw(S),straw plus pig manure(SM),straw plus fulvic acid organic fertilizer(SH),and straw plus microbial organic fertilizer(SW)]on maize plant height,SPAD value,aboveground dry matter accumulation,yield and its components,and grain quality,so as to identify suitable tillage method and organic material for yield stability and quality improvement in the chernozem region.The results showed that,among different tillage methods,PT treatment generally had the highest plant height,aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity,ear number,kernel number per ear,yield,and grain starch content.Compared with NT treatment,the yield of PT treatment increased by 9.4%and 5.0%in 2024 and 2025,respectively.RT treatment had the highest 100-grain weight,crude protein content,total amino acid content,lysine content,and leucine content.Among different organic materials,yield showed interannual variation,S treatment had the highest yield in 2024,and SH treatment had the highest yield in 2025;SW treatment had the highest aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity;SM treatment had the highest starch content;SH treatment had the highest crude protein,crude fat,and total amino acid contents.Among different treatment combinations,PTSW treatment had the highest yield in 2024,reaching 11 576.2 kg/ha,which was 21.3%higher than that of NTN(no tillage and organic material)treatment;in 2025,PTSH treatment had the highest yield,reaching 14 590.2 kg/ha,which was 21.2%higher than that of NTN treatment;PTSM treatment had the highest starch content of 65.08%,which was 2.1%higher than that of NTN treatment;RTS treatment had the highest crude protein content of 8.71%,which was 16.8%higher than that of NTN treatment;RTSH treatment had the highest total amino acid content of 4.14%,which was 18.7%higher than that of NTN treatment.Yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height,100-grain weight,ear number,kernel number per ear,crude protein content,and aboveground dry matter accumulation.Overall,PT treatment can be considered a suitable tillage method for yield stability and quality improvement of maize in the chernozem region,among organic materials,SH treatment shows balanced overall performance,and PTSH treatment can be recommended as a priority combination for yield stability and quality improvement.
李培博;梁运江;蔡红光;范围;李晓林;张水梅;刘熙明;赵震琳;张畅;闫金垚;梁尧
延边大学 农学院,吉林 延吉 133002||吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033延边大学 农学院,吉林 延吉 133002吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033吉林省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春 130033
农业科技
玉米耕作方式有机物料产量籽粒品质
MaizeTillage methodOrganic materialYieldGrain quality
《河南农业科学》 2026 (8)
10-21,12
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1501100)吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220301018NY)吉林省第七批青年科技人才支持项目(QT202318)
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