不同节水抗旱稻品种的产量和稻米品质差异OA
Differences in Grain Yield and Quality of Different Water-saving and Drought-resistant Rice Cultivars
[目的]探明节水抗旱稻品种在贵州山地种植的产量和稻米品质差异,为节水抗旱稻新品种推广应用提供理论依据.[方法]以旱优 116、旱优 73、旱优 78、旱优 786和沪优 61共 5个节水抗旱稻品种为材料,开展大田比较试验,系统分析不同节水抗旱稻品种产量及其构成因素、稻米加工与外观品质、营养品质、淀粉 RVA 谱特性、米饭食味品质和质构特性的差异.[结果]5个节水抗旱稻品种产量为 8 985.89～11 833.77 kg/hm2,其中,旱优 78、旱优 786、旱优 73和沪优 61产量均超 10 000 kg/hm2.稻米加工品质与外观品质以沪优 61表现较差.旱优 116和旱优 73稻米蛋白质含量较高,较其余品种分别显著提高 3.41%～10.57%和2.24%～6.67%;直链淀粉含量较低.旱优 116、旱优 78、旱优 786的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值分别较旱优 73和沪优 61降低 5.03%～12.94%、3.86%～9.19%、6.17%～16.86%和 0.78%～7.16%,消减值和糊化温度分别提高 119.13%～161.76%和 0.52%～8.21%.旱优 116、旱优 78和旱优 786米饭外观、口感、综合评分分别较旱优 73和沪优 61降低 4.47%～10.27%、3.61%～9.32%、3.13%～10.50%,米饭硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、内聚性和回复性分别增加10.57%～28.46%、20.62%～39.66%、10.62%～32.20%、7.32%～20.00%和9.09%～23.81%.[结论]综合而言,节水抗旱稻品种旱优 73的产量和稻米综合品质相对较优,适宜在贵州山区进一步推广应用.
[Objective]The differences in grain yield and quality of 5 water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivars planted in Guizhou mountainous areas were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for popularization and application of new water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivars.[Method]The differences in yield,yield components,rice processing quality,rice appearance quality,nutritional quality,starch RVA profile characteristics,cooked rice quality and rice texture properties of 5 water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivars(Hanyou 116,Hanyou 73,Hanyou 78,Hanyou 786 and Huyou 61 were systematically analyzed by a field experiment.[Result]The yield of 5 water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivars ranged from 8 985.89 to 11 833.77 kg/hm2,and the yield of Hanyou 78,Hanyou 786,Hanyou 73 and Huyou 61 exceeded 10 000 kg/hm2.The rice processing and appearance quality of Huyou 61 was poorer.The rice protein content of Hanyou 116 and Hanyou 73 with a lower amylose content was 3.41%-10.57%and 2.24%-6.67%higher than other rice cultivars,respectively.The peak viscosity,thermal slurry viscosity,final viscosity and breakdown value of Hanyou 116,Hanyou 78 and Hanyou 786 decreased by 5.03%-12.94%,3.86%-9.19%,6.17%-16.86%and 0.78%-7.16%compared with those of Hanyou 73 and Huyou 61,respectively.The setback value and pasting temperature of Hanyou 116,Hanyou 78 and Hanyou 786 increased by 119.13%-161.76%and 0.52%-8.21%compared with those of Hanyou 73 and Huyou 61,respectively.The cooked rice appearance,taste and comprehensive evaluation scores of Hanyou 116,Hanyou 78 and Hanyou 786 decreased by 4.47%-10.27%,3.61%-9.32%and 3.13%-10.50%compared with those of Hanyou 73 and Huyou 61,respectively.The hardness,chewiness,gumminess,cohesiveness and resilience of Hanyou 116,Hanyou 78 and Hanyou 786 increased by 10.57%-28.46%,20.62%-39.66%,10.62%-32.20%,7.32%-20.00%and 9.09%-23.81%compared with those of Hanyou 73 and Huyou 61,respectively.[Conclusion]The water-saving and drought-resistant rice cultivar Hanyou 73 with the advantages of higher rice yield and superior comprehensive rice quality should be popularized in Guizhou mountainous areas.
李立江;李敏;蒋明金;张恒栋;陈柏原;曾涛;田晋钰;张佳凤;王荣基;何志旺
贵州省水稻研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省水稻研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省水稻研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州 兴义 562400贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州 贵阳 550001贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州 贵阳 550001贵州省水稻研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省水稻研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州 兴义 562400黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州 兴义 562400
农业科技
水稻节水抗旱稻产量稻米品质RVA谱特征食味品质
ricewater-saving and drought-resistant riceyieldrice qualityRVA profile characteristicseating quality
《贵州农业科学》 2026 (8)
49-56,8
贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2023]065)贵州省山地农业关键核心技术攻关(GZNYGJHX-2023005)贵州省水稻产业技术体系建设项目(GZSDCYJSTX-03)
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