激光熔覆工艺创新发展及其在材料创制中的应用OA

Laser cladding uses a high-energy laser to rapidly melt cladding materials with the substrate surface,forming a metallurgically bonded coating upon solidification.It is a key technology for producing high-performance surface coatings and remanufacturing metallic components.Recently,laser cladding has evolved from a surface coating technique into a comprehensive process integrating coating fabrication,repair of damaged parts,and additive manufacturing,showing great potential in new material development.This review first elaborates the metallurgical characteristics of laser cladding metals,then highlights process innovations in four directions:high efficiency,hybridization,specialization,and intellectualization.It further addresses the role of laser cladding in material development and fabrication,systematically reviewing research progress on conventional alloys,high-entropy alloys,amorphous alloys,metal matrix composites,and functionally graded materials,and summarizing their strengthening mechanisms and typical applications.However,challenges remain for laser cladding fabricating materials,including incomplete non-equilibrium solidification theories,lack of quantitative process-microstructure-property models,and inadequate monitoring and evaluation techniques.Future efforts should prioritize data-driven intelligent optimization,novel material system design,extreme-environment adaptability,and integration of multi-energy-field hybrid processes and combined process chains.