长江中游地下水储备与动用策略探讨OA

[Objective]Current research on groundwater reserves in China primarily focuses on northern regions.Key challenges remain regarding the relationship between groundwater reserves and routine-emergency water sup-ply,the construction of reserve systems,and the principles for reserve utilization.Focusing on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River—a region with favorable groundwater reserve conditions,dense urban distribution,and insuffi-cient urban water supply security under extreme conditions—this study explores the connotation,hierarchical frame-work,and utilization strategies of groundwater reserves.The aim is to mitigate extreme water scarcity threats and en-hance urban water supply security.[Method]Groundwater reserve volume was defined as the volume of groundwa-ter stored to address water supply security threats in routine systems caused by extreme droughts or emergencies.The risks of extreme droughts and sudden pollution events,urban water supply security capacity,and groundwater occurrence and utilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed.On this basis,a hierarchical groundwater reserve framework(HWUSR)was innovatively constructed based on five dimensions:crisis level of ur-ban water supply security(How),urban scale(Where),reserve purpose(Use),reserve area scale(Scale),and groundwater renewability(Renewability).[Results](1)Extreme droughts occur frequently in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,severely threatening urban water supply systems that rely primarily on surface water.The re-gion possesses massive groundwater storage,which can resolve the insufficient water supply security capacity for critical towns during extreme water scarcity events.(2)Groundwater reserves in important towns with abundant groundwater and low exploitation rates should follow a hierarchical approach.Priority should be given to megacities with dense populations and developed industries,as well as pilot zones with strong economic foundations,high pop-ulation density,primary reliance on surface water,and inadequate emergency supply capacity.Domestic water needs for urban residents should be prioritized over industrial demands.Shallow aquifers with good water quality,high extractability,and strong renewability should be prioritized for reserves.(3)The utilization of groundwater re-serves should adhere to the principles of confirmed necessity,dedicated use,shallow-deep complementarity,appro-priate utilization,post-use recovery,and dynamic early warning.(4)Strategic reserve utilization must clarify re-sponsibilities,implementation entities,timing,plans,and evaluations of effectiveness and environmental impacts.Following the principle of"whoever utilizes compensates,whoever benefits restores",compensation and restoration measures must be implemented post-utilization.[Conclusion]These findings provide an important reference for the formulation and implementation of the groundwater reserve system and the construction of reserve demonstration pro-jects in the Yangtze River Basin.