作物野生近缘种利用技术研究进展OA

Crop wild relatives conserve favorable genetic variation that is rare or absent in cultivated crops,including alleles related to disease and insect resistance,abiotic stress tolerance,quality traits and environmental adaptation.Under climate change and increasing food security pressure,their utilization has shifted from germplasm conservation and phenotypic screening to targeted introgression,alien-segment optimization,precise evaluation of complex traits and efficient germplasm development.This review focuses on four major constraints in the use of crop wild relatives,namely difficulties in gene introgression,linkage drag,inaccurate evaluation of complex traits and slow translation from resources to breeding materials.We summarize recent progress in wide hybridization,embryo rescue,ploidy manipulation,chromosome engineering,genetic transformation,genome editing,marker-assisted selection,pangenomics,multi-omics and de novo domestication,and discuss representative cases in rice,wheat,tomato,soybean and potato.The review aims to provide references for efficient utilization of crop wild relatives and modern germplasm innovation.