气候变化背景下长江黄河源区径流和输沙演变特征OA
Evolution characteristics of runoff and sediment transport in source regions of Yangtze River and Yellow River under climate change
[目的]研究长江黄河源区水文和输沙演变特征,能够加深理解寒区地表过程对气候变化的响应机制,为保护青藏高原生态环境、促进区域可持续发展以及应对全球气候变化提供依据.[方法]以长江黄河源区为研究区域,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、突变分析、水沙关系曲线等方法分析河川径流输沙的趋势变化、阶段特征和水沙平衡变化.[结果]长江黄河源区1965-2020年气候呈现"暖湿化"的变化规律,长江黄河源区年平均降水量为502.98 mm,黄河源区年平均降水量较多,长江源区年平均降水量较少.黄河源区黄河沿和吉迈水文站径流呈现微弱增加的态势,长江源区的沱沱河和直门达水文站径流均呈现增加的变化趋势,其中沱沱河站增加达到了显著水平.输沙量拐点之后,产沙因子增大,而输沙因子减小;相比于旱季,侵蚀物质的增加是黄河源区唐乃亥站雨季输沙量增大的主要因素,而径流输沙能力的增强是长江源区直门达站雨季输沙作用增强的主导因素.[结论]长江黄河源区过去60年气候呈现"暖湿化",侵蚀物质和径流输沙能力对不同源区雨季输沙量影响存在差异.
[Objective]The study investigates the evolution characteristics of hydrological processes and sediment transport in the source regions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River,in order to deepen understanding of the response mechanisms of surface processes in cold regions to climate change,providing a basis for ecological protection in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and sustainable regional development under global climate change.[Methods]Focusing on the source regions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River,this study employed the Mann-Kendall trend test,abrupt change analysis,and sediment rating curves to explore trend variations,stage characteristics,and changes in the flow-sediment balance of river runoff and sediment transport.[Results]The results showed that from 1965 to 2020,the climate in the study area exhibited a"warming and wetting"pattern.The average annual precipitation was 502.98 mm,with higher values in the Yellow River source region and lower values in the Yangtze River source region.Runoff at the Huangheyan and Jimai hydrological stations in the Yellow River source region showed a slight increasing trend.In the Yangtze River source region,runoff at the Tuotuo River and Zhimenda hydrological stations also increased,with the increase at the Tuotuo River station reaching statistical significance.After reaching the turning point in sediment transport,sediment production factor increased while sediment transport factors decreased.Compared to the dry season,increased erodible material was the primary factor driving higher sediment transport during the rainy season at the Tangnaihai station in the Yellow River source region,whereas enhanced runoff sediment transport capacity was the dominant factor contributing to greater sediment transport during the rainy season at the Zhimenda station in the Yangtze River source region.[Conclusion]Over the past 60 years,the climate in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers has exhibited a"warming and wetting"trend.The impacts of erodible materials and runoff transport capacity on sediment transport during the rainy season differ across different source regions.
杨林;顾朝军;姚赫;张玉华;赵广举;黄立文;孙奇石;陈逸方
长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010||西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010水利部 交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院,南京 210029长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010长江水利委员会长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉 430010
天文与地球科学
长江黄河源区气候变化水沙关系暖湿化水文过程
source regions of Yangtze River and Yellow Riverclimate changeflow-sediment relationshipwarming and wetting trendhydrological processes
《水土保持研究》 2026 (5)
55-62,8
国家重点研发计划课题"能量和水分相态变化对区域产汇流过程的影响及模拟"(2022YFC3201701)
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