不同雨型下水土保持措施对皖南山区板栗林坡面水土流失的影响OA

[Objective]This study explores the impact patterns of soil and water conservation measures on soil and water loss from chestnut forest slopes under different rainfall types in southern Anhui mountainous areas,providing a scientific basis for erosion control in the study region.[Methods]Runoff plots on chestnut forest slopes in mountainous areas were used as research units.Based on natural rainfall observation data from 2024 to 2025,K-means clustering analysis and analysis of variance were applied to classify rainfall patterns and evaluate their effects on runoff and sediment yield under five different soil and water conservation measure configurations—vegetative hedgerows,arbor-shrub intercropping,vegetative hedgerows+interception and drainage ditches,interception and drainage ditches,and arbor-shrub intercropping+interception and drainage ditches—along with one control.[Results](1)Rainfall in the study area could be classified into five types:Type Ⅰ(short duration,moderate rainfall amount,and high intensity),Type Ⅱ(long duration,moderate rainfall amount,and low intensity),Type Ⅲ(medium duration,light rainfall amount,and low intensity),Type Ⅳ(medium duration,heavy rainfall amount,and high intensity),and Type Ⅴ(long duration,heavy rainfall amount,and moderate intensity).Among these,Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ occurred most frequently and represented the main erosive rainfall types in the study area.(2)Different soil and water conservation measures exhibited varying efficiencies in reducing runoff and sediment.Under erosive rainfall conditions,compared to the control plot,combined vegetative and engineering measures outperformed single measures in reducing runoff and sediment loss.Among single measures,interception and drainage ditches demonstrated superior water interception efficiency,effectively reducing surface runoff by 32.6%,while vegetative hedgerows and arbor-shrub intercropping showed the best sediment reduction efficiency,decreasing sediment yield by 52.3%and 52.2%,respectively.(3)In most runoff plots,runoff and sediment yield were significantly positively correlated with rainfall amount and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity,but showed poor correlation with rainfall duration.[Conclusion]Rainfall amount and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity are key indicators affecting slope runoff and sediment yield under different soil and water conservation measures in this region.The combination of vegetative and engineering measures achieves the optimal effect in reducing runoff and sediment loss on chestnut forest slopes in southern Anhui mountainous area.The comprehensive measure combining arbor-shrub intercropping with interception and drainage ditches is recommended during periods of high erosion risk.Among different soil and water conservation measures on chestnut forest slopes,the combined configuration of vegetative and engineering measures represents an effective approach for reducing slope soil and water loss,effectively mitigating erosion under various rainfall types.Therefore,soil and water conservation measures should be arranged reasonably according to local conditions to maximize their benefits.