可穿戴聚合物基被动辐射制冷材料的研究与应用进展OA

Conventional active cooling systems are mostly electrically powered,featuring high energy consumption and aggravated environmental pollution.Against this backdrop,green,passive radiation cooling technologies that require no external power have been rapidly developed.Passive radiative cooling relies on the spectral properties of materials—high reflectivity in the short-wave solar band of 0.3-2.5 μm and high emissivity within the long-wave infrared atmospheric window of 8-13 μm—to radiate its own heat directly into outer space,thereby achieving spontaneous cooling with zero energy input.Currently,traditional rigid cooling materials such as ceramic-based and metal-based ones have poor mechanical flexibility,making them difficult to bend and deform to fit the human body.Polymeric materials are lightweight,soft,have designable microscopic spectral structures,and are easy to process,making them an ideal carrier for passive radiative cooling clothing and outdoor protective equipment. In this study,the literature review method was adopted.On the basis of the elaboration of the mechanism of passive radiative cooling,inherent cooling mechanisms,application advantages and inherent defects of matrix materials including fluoropolymers,acrylates,siloxanes,polyolefins and transparent polyimides were summarized by category according to differences in molecular structures.Targeting the requirements of wearable applications,mainstream microstructural design routes were reviewed,such as porous/microvoid structures,nanofiber/textile structures,inorganic particle-filled composite structures and multi-layer gradient refractive index structures.The effects of different preparation processes and micro-morphologies on solar reflectance,infrared emissivity,cooling amplitude as well as mechanical and wearable properties of materials were analyzed in detail.The technical evolution logic from single structures to multi-level pore structures,continuous spinning processes,low-filler composite structures and spectrally layered multi-layer structures was clarified.Practical engineering problems of various structures were also sorted out,including narrow process windows,insufficient interfacial stability and difficulties in cost control.Meanwhile,research advances in the multi-mechanism collaboration between passive radiative cooling and evaporative cooling,phase change energy storage,moisture-induced power generation were further explored.The cooling enhancement of various collaborative systems,as well as application limitations such as interfacial interference and insufficient encapsulation stability existing in multi-technology collaboration were analyzed.Theoretical and practical references were provided for the structural optimization,process improvement and industrial preparation of wearable polymer-based passive radiative cooling materials. In view of the common challenges such as narrow process windows,poor particle dispersion,weak interlayer bonding,and low cost-effectiveness,as well as defects in composite systems including interfacial interference among layers,poor phase-change compatibility,and insufficient energy efficiency,future efforts should further optimize the integrated design of multi-structure synergy.This should combine the advantages of porous scattering,particle filling,and fiber network structures,accelerate the application of continuous preparation processes such as roll-to-roll electrospinning,simplify production workflows,broaden process parameter windows,and promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement in large-scale production.In addition,further improvements should be made to the interfacial bonding effect and encapsulation technology of composite layers to enhance the outdoor durability of the materials and strengthen the adaptability of polymer-based passive radiative cooling materials in various garment application scenarios.