仿生超浸润表面在智能服装领域的研究与应用进展OA

Functional textiles have attracted increasing attention owing to the growing demand for high-quality living standards and the rapid development of advanced textile materials.Among the various properties of textiles,surface wettability plays a critical role in determining clothing performance in complex environments.Conventional textile materials are generally porous,and inherently hydrophilic.However,excessive liquid uptake can cause rapid wetting,increased fabric weight,reduced thermal insulation,and the accumulation of contaminants.These effects significantly limit the performance and durability of garments used in outdoor activities,industrial protection,and medical applications.Inspired by natural biological surfaces,biomimetic superhydrophobic materials have emerged as an effective strategy for regulating surface wettability and enhancing textile functionality.Numerous natural organisms,including lotus leaves,water striders,and cicada wings,exhibit remarkable superhydrophobicity. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces and their applications in smart clothing.First,the fundamental theories of surface wettability are introduced,including the Young,Wenzel,and Cassie-Baxter models,which describe the relationships among surface roughness,surface energy,and wetting behavior.Key parameters used to characterize superhydrophobicity are also summarized,including water contact angle(WCA),sliding angle(WSA),and contact angle hysteresis(CAH).Subsequently,representative biological systems exhibiting superhydrophobic properties,such as lotus leaves,water strider legs,and cicada wings,are examined as model prototypes for biomimetic surface design.Their hierarchical micro/nano-structured architectures and wetting mechanisms are analyzed to elucidate the principles governing liquid repellency.These biological systems provide important theoretical guidance for the design and fabrication of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces for advanced textile applications. Based on these biomimetic principles,this review further summarizes the main strategies used to construct superhydrophobic surfaces on textile substrates.Several representative fabrication approaches are discussed,including dip-coating,spray coating,electrochemical deposition,sol-gel processing,electrospinning,and emerging three-dimensional(3D)printing technologies.In addition to fabrication strategies,the multifunctional applications of superhydrophobic materials in clothing are also widely investigated. Overall,the integration of biomimetic design principles and advanced surface engineering technologies has significantly advanced the development of multifunctional superhydrophobic textiles.Compared with conventional waterproof treatments,biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit superior performance in self-cleaning,liquid repellency,and multifunctional integration.Despite these advantages,several challenges remain for practical applications.In particular,the durability of micro-/nano-structured surfaces under repeated washing,mechanical abrasion,and long-term use remains a critical concern.Structural degradation can lead to a gradual loss of superhydrophobic performance.In addition,many existing superhydrophobic systems rely on fluorinated compounds to achieve low surface energy.However,these materials may raise environmental and sustainability concerns.Consequently,future research should emphasize the development of environmentally friendly low-surface-energy materials,the improvement of mechanical robustness in hierarchical structures,and the integration of additional intelligent functionalities,such as sensing,energy harvesting,and adaptive regulation. In conclusion,biomimetic superhydrophobic materials offer a promising strategy for developing next-generation smart clothing.By integrating surface microstructure engineering with functional material design,textile systems can be engineered to exhibit protective,responsive,and adaptive capabilities.These advances expand the potential applications of functional clothing across diverse environments.They also provide new theoretical insights and technological approaches for the development of high-performance textile materials.