不同灌水量与生物炭用量对北疆春小麦生长及产量的影响OA
Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Biochar Application Rates on Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat in Northern Xinjiang
为探明配施生物炭与减水灌溉对北疆灌区春小麦生长及产量的影响,明确区域农田节水高产调控路径,于 2021 年在新疆奇台麦类试验站开展定位试验.试验设置 3 个灌水量水平,分别为 4 500 m3·hm-2(W0)、4 050 m3·hm-2(W1)、3 825 m3·hm-2(W2),以及3 个生物炭施用量,分别为不施生物炭(B0)、10 t·hm-2(B1)、20 t·hm-2(B2),共 9 个处理.于 2023 年测定不同处理对春小麦叶绿素相对含量(SPAD 值)、叶面积、干物质积累量、籽粒灌浆速率、产量与产量构成因素的影响.结果表明,施用生物炭显著影响春小麦开花后15 d 叶片 SPAD 值,与 B0W1 相比,B2W1 处理 SPAD 值显著提升 13.5%.灌水量多少显著影响春小麦干物质积累与产量形成;当灌水量减少 10%(W1)时,配施适量生物炭可有效促进开花期干物质积累,B2W1 处理单株总干物质积累量较 B0W0 增加 47.21%.灌水量对产量的影响效应大于生物炭,减水 10%配施生物炭处理(B1W1、B2W1)产量较 B0W0 分别提高 50.00%、72.41%且均达显著水平,而生物炭主要通过增加有效穗数实现增产.本研究条件下,施用20 t·hm-2生物炭配合灌水量减少10%(减灌450 m3·hm-2)可显著促进春小麦生长并提高产量.本研究结果可为北疆灌区小麦节水增产中生物炭应用提供技术支撑.
To explore the combined effects of biochar application and reduced irrigation on growth and grain yield of spring wheat in irrigation districts of northern Xinjiang,and to clarify the regulation pathway for water-saving and high-yield farmland management in this region,a long-term field experiment was conducted at the Qitai Wheat Experimental Station in Xinjiang in 2021.Three irrigation regimes were established as 4 500 m3·hm-2(W0),4 050 m3·hm-2(W1)and 3 825 m3·hm-2(W2),meanwhile,three biochar application rates were set as no biochar amendment(B0),10 t·hm-2 biochar(B1)and 20 t·hm-2 biochar(B2),forming a total of nine treatment combinations.Relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf area,dry matter accu-mulation,grain filling rate,grain yield and yield components of spring wheat under different treatments were measured in 2023.The results showed that biochar application significantly affected leaf SPAD value at 15 days after anthesis of spring wheat;compared with the B0W1 treatment,the SPAD value of the B2W1 treat-ment increased significantly by 13.5%.Irrigation amount exerted significant influences on dry matter accumula-tion and yield formation of spring wheat.Under the 10%reduced irrigation regime(W1),appropriate biochar amendment effectively promoted dry matter accumulation at the anthesis stage,and the total dry matter accu-mulation per plant of the B2W1 treatment was 47.21%higher than that of B0W0.The effect of irrigation a-mount on grain yield was greater than that of biochar.The grain yield of the treatments with 10%reduced irri-gation combined with biochar application(B1W1 and B2W1)were significantly increased by 50.00%and 72.41%respectively compared to B0W0,and biochar improved grain yield mainly by increasing the number of effective panicles.Under the experimental conditions of this study,the combined practice of 20 t·hm-2 biochar application and 10%irrigation reduction(saving 450 m3·hm-2 water)could markedly boost spring wheat growth and increase grain yield.The findings could provide data support and theoretical basis for researches on water-saving and yield-increasing effects of biochar application in farmlands of irrigation districts in northern Xinjiang.
孟祥睿;马磊;赵立宁;杨梅;郭颂;杨卫君
新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
农业科技
生物炭灌水量春小麦生长发育产量
BiocharIrrigation volumeSpring wheatGrowth and developmentYield
《山东农业科学》 2026 (7)
58-65,8
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32260326)新疆维吾尔自治区现代农业产业(小麦)体系项目(XJARS-01)
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