低温锂金属电池电解质设计策略研究进展OA

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of special power supplies due to their ultra-high energy density.However,their severe performance degradation at low temperatures critically restricts their applications in extreme scenarios such as polar scientific expeditions,aerospace.Developing high-performance low-temperature electrolytes is the core approach to break through this bottleneck.Focusing on the underlying mechanism of performance degradation of LMBs at low temperatures,this paper starts from the key processes of lithium-ion transport,including migration in bulk electrolyte,interfacial desolvation,transport across the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and charge transfer,and systematically analyzes the influence mechanism of low-temperature environment on each step of ion transport.On this basis,this review highlights three core design strategies for low-temperature electrolytes developed in recent years:the construction of weakly solvating systems,the design of localized high-concentration electrolytes,and the regulation via functional additives and interface engineering.The research progress and representative achievements are summarized from the perspectives of solvation structure optimization,kinetic performance balance,and interfacial stability enhancement,and the synergistic effects between different strategies are discussed.Combined with the current research status,the challenges in the establishment of theoretical models,breaking the performance trade-off effect,unlocking the potential of solid-state electrolytes,and engineering applications are analyzed.Finally,the future development directions of electrolytes for low-temperature LMBs are prospected,which can provide a systematic reference for the design and industrialization of low-temperature and high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.