呼和浩特市气传花粉对过敏性鼻炎门诊量的短期效应与滞后效应OA

[Background]Airborne pollen is a major trigger of allergic rhinitis,and its concentration exhibits significant seasonal variations in the north temperate semi-arid climate of Hohhot.While studies in many regions have confirmed an association between short-term pollen exposure and rhinitis-related outpatient visits,local epidemiological evidence remains limited.This study examines the lagged health effects of pollen exposure using local time-series data. [Objective]To quantitatively assess the exposure-response relationship between airborne pollen and daily outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis in Hohhot,and to identify and quantify the single-day and cumulative lag effects,as well as key lag periods. [Methods]Daily data on outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis,airborne pollen concentrations,atmospheric pollutants,and meteorological variables in Hohhot were collected from January 1,2023 to September 30,2024.Generalized additive models were used to quantitatively analyze the exposure-response relationship between pollen exposure levels and allergic rhinitis outpatient visits. [Results]Pollen concentrations in Hohhot showed a bimodal distribution from 2023 to 2024.Single-day lag effect analysis revealed that the effect on allergic rhinitis outpatient visits peaked at lag 2 days across different pollen seasons.Per interquartile range(IQR)increase in pollen concentration,the excess risk(ER)of allergic rhinitis outpatient visits was most significant during the autumn season,with an ER of 10.52%(95%CI:2.97%,18.62%).Cumulative lag analysis showed that the effect values for the entire study period and the spring season both peaked at lag 0-1 days,while the ER for the autumn season peaked at lag 0-2 days,and for the low-concentration period at lag 0-3 days.The corresponding peak ERs were 3.43%(95%CI:2.44%,4.42%),2.80%(95%CI:0.60%,5.06%),7.55%(95%CI:3.34%,11.93%),and 4.22%(95%CI:1.96%,6.52%),respectively.Furthermore,the cumulative lag effect decreased as the lag duration increased.The exposure-response relationship between pollen and outpatient visits exhibited a nonlinear pattern throughout the entire study period,characterized by a steep rise at low concentrations followed by a gentle slope at high concentrations.Conversely,it showed a linear relationship with a threshold during the spring and autumn seasons. [Conclusion]Elevated pollen exposure in Hohhot is significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis.These effects are primarily short-term and acute,exhibiting distinct season-specific patterns.The single-day lag effects consistently peak at lag 2 days.The cumulative lag effects peak at lag 0-1 days for both the entire study period and the spring season,and at lag 0-2 days for the autumn season.The lag effect declines rapidly with increasing lag duration,providing a scientific basis for establishing local pollen health alerts and implementing targeted protective measures for susceptible populations.