我国羊肚菌设施化栽培现状、机遇与挑战OA

The artificial cultivation of morels has experienced rapid advancement in China,with facility-based cultivation emerging as a critical strategy to enhance production stability,broaden suitable cultivation regions,and mitigate climatic risks.Unlike traditional open-field methods,facility-based morel cultivation involves more than merely constructing shading structures;it necessitates the development of appropriate facility designs,environmental control systems,and region-specific management practices that address challenges such as low-temperature fruiting,limited mycelial activity in shallow soils,uptake of exogenous nutrient bags,maintenance of bed-surface humidity,and disease management.Currently,various facility types have been implemented in China,including simple shading sheds,plastic greenhouses,solar greenhouses,multi-span greenhouses,and semi-intelligent systems.Nonetheless,many of these facilities are adaptations of vegetable greenhouses,basic arch sheds,or provisional shading setups.There remains a notable deficiency in specialized structural designs,bed-surface microenvironment monitoring,ventilation and dehumidification technologies,cost-effective equipment,and parameterized control systems.From the perspective of facility agriculture,this review synthesizes the current development status,facility classifications,regional suitability,structural and equipment configurations,environmental control principles,and principal challenges associated with facility-based morel cultivation in China.Furthermore,it advocates for future advancements centered on regulating the bed-surface microenvironment,establishing regionally adaptive facility structures,and integrating non-grain nutrient bags,soil health management,and simplified equipment.Such measures aim to facilitate the transition of facility-based morel cultivation from experience-driven practices toward engineering-based,standardized,and digitalized control systems.