青海野生食用菌"沙菇"物种及其生境土壤理化特征OA

The macrofungi locally named"shagu"(sand mushrooms)in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province were studied to clarify their species composition and habitat adaptability.Specimens collected from Delingha,Nomhon and Ulan regions were examined through macro-morphological observation and molecular identification combined with physicochemical analyses of their native soils.Macro-morphological examination revealed that specimens from Delingha and Nomhon possessed brownish-yellow fine scales on the pileus turning into reddish-brown upon injury and single-layered,thick-membranous and boot-shaped annulus.In contrast,specimens from Ulan exhibited pure white and smooth pileus showing patchy browning upon injury and double-layered and thin-membranous annulus.Based on nrITS sequence phylogenetic analysis,these morphologically distinct sand mushrooms samples belonged to two species within the section Bivelares of subgenus Pseudochitonia of Agaricus.Samples from Delingha and Nomhon were identified as A.sinodeliciosus,while the samples from Ulan were identified as A.bitorquis.Soil physicochemical analysis further indicated significant habitat differences(P<0.05)between these two species.A.sinodeliciosus had a preference for relatively moist(water content 2.51%-8.06%)and fertile(organic matter 19.50-64.83 g/kg)saline-alkali soil,whereas A.bitorquis occurred in arid[water content(0.90±0.58)%],strongly alkaline[pH(9.22±0.09)],and nutrient-poor soil[organic matter(1.52±0.33)g/kg]with relatively high total potassium content[(22.33±0.83)g/kg].This study offers a theoretical basis for resource conservation and artificial cultivation of the fungi.