有机肥与生物菌肥配施对旱区果园土壤酶活性和果树光合能力的影响OA
Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer on soil enzyme activities and photosynthetic capacity of fruit trees in dryland orchards
为明确园艺地布覆膜情况下,有机肥和生物菌肥配施对旱区苹果园土壤性质与果树叶片光合能力的影响,本研究以苹果品种岩富 8 号为试验材料,设置不施肥对照(CK)、蚯蚓粪(T1)、生物菌肥(T2)及蚯蚓粪和生物菌肥3∶1(质量比)配施(T3)等处理,分析不同肥料处理对苹果园土壤理化性质、酶活性以及果树光合参数的影响.结果表明,与 CK 相比,T1、T2 和 T3 处理果实收获期表层(0～20.0 cm)土壤含水量分别提升 40.48%、18.33%和 51.67%,pH 值分别降低 6.86%、5.20%、13.24%.除苹果花后 60 d T3 处理表层土壤碱性磷酸酶活性低于 CK外,花后 60～180 d T3 处理表层土壤过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性均显著高于 CK.T3 处理对土壤酶活性的增加效果总体高于 T1 和 T2 处理.与 CK 相比,T1、T2、T3 处理果实收获期果树叶片胞间 CO2浓度分别降低 13.30%、7.62%、6.20%,净光合速率分别增加 67.36%、47.97%、81.74%,气孔导度分别增加 37.50%、53.12%、84.38%.综上所述,蚯蚓粪与生物菌肥3∶1(质量比)配施能通过土壤理化性质改良、土壤酶活性提高、植株光合能力增强等途径提升土壤生态功能,促进果树生长.
To clarify the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer on soil properties and leaf photosynthetic capacity of fruit trees in apple orchards in arid areas under mulching with horticultural ground fabric,this study used apple variety Yanfu 8 as the test material,and set up no fertilization control(CK),vermicompost treatment(T1),bio-fertilizer treatment(T2)and vermicompost and bio-fertilizer(3∶1)combined application treatment(T3)to analyze the effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in apple orchards and photosynthetic parameters of fruit trees.The results showed that compared with CK,the water contents of surface soil(0-20.0 cm)in T1,T2 and T3 treatments at harvest stage increased by 40.48%,18.33%and 51.67%,respectively,and the pH values decreased by 6.86%,5.20%and 13.24%,respectively.At 60-180 days after anthesis,except that the alkaline phosphatase activity in surface soil under T3 treatment was lower than that under CK at 60 days after anthesis,the catalase activity,peroxidase activity,sucrase activity,alkaline phosphatase ac-tivity and urease activity in surface soil under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those under CK.The effect of T3 treatment on the increase of soil enzyme activity was higher than that of T1 and T2 treatments.Compared with CK,the in-tercellular CO2 concentration in fruit tree leaves at harvest stage under T1,T2 and T3 treatments decreased by 13.30%,7.62%and 6.20%respectively,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 67.36%,47.97%and 81.74%respectively,and the stomatal conductance increased by 37.50%,53.12%and 84.38%respectively.In summary,the combined application of vermicompost and bio-fertilizer at 3∶1 mass ratio can improve soil ecological functions and promote fruit tree growth through the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,enhancement of soil enzyme activities,and strengthening of plant photosynthetic capacity.
贾永华;马军;褚燕南;岳海英;许泽华;李晓龙
宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏 银川 750002
农业科技
旱区果园有机肥生物菌肥土壤性质土壤酶活性光合特性
dryland orchardsorganic fertilizerbio-fertilizersoil propertiessoil enzyme activitiesphotosyn-thetic characteristics
《江苏农业学报》 2026 (7)
1378-1386,9
国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2023ZY06)
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