寡糖和酵母及其衍生物对马属动物健康与生产性能的影响研究进展OA

Equine animals(horses,donkeys,mules,etc.)have important economic value in milk and meat production,draught work and competitive sports,and also play a supporting role in biomedical research.Although intensive feeding and high-concentrate diet improve production efficiency,combined with stress such as high feeding density,single diet structure,transportation and training,they can induce hindgut microbial imbalance,barrier function damage and immune fluctuation,thus causing gastrointestinal diseases,metabolic disorders,skin inflammation and decline of specific performance.Traditional antibiotic additives have been effective in disease prevention and growth promotion,but the risks of drug resistance,residue and environmental pollution have driven the trend of green alternatives.Oligosaccharides,yeast and its derivatives have natural functional synergy:as prebiotics,oligosaccharides have the characteristics of heat resistance,stability and no residue,and can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the hindgut to produce short-chain fatty acids,thereby regulating intestinal microecology,immunity and energy metabolism;yeast and its derivatives are rich in active components such as small peptides,nucleotides,β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides,which can improve fiber digestion,enhance mucosal immunity and alleviate stress.This paper systematically reviewed the physicochemical properties and metabolic characteristics in equine animals of main types of oligosaccharides including chitosan oligosaccharide,mannan oligosaccharide,fructooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide,as well as the active components and adaptability of yeast hydrolysate,yeast polysaccharide/cell wall extract and Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation;focused on summarizing their regulatory effects on intestinal microbial balance,barrier function,immune inflammation and metabolic organs such as skin and liver,and concluded the effects and potential mechanisms on growth,exercise and reproductive performance;meanwhile,analyzed the deficiencies of current research in species/breed specificity,dose standardization and large-scale verification,and proposed research directions for precise nutrition and industrial application,so as to provide reference for green and efficient breeding of equine animals.