基于环境DNA的靶向物种特异性检测技术及其在水生生态系统监测中的应用OA

Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology for targeted species-specific detection is rapidly emerging as an innovative tool for aquatic ecosystems monitoring,and it is gradually replacing traditional methods.This review provides a comprehensive assessment of eDNA's application for species-specific detection of aquatic organisms,with a focus on the selection of mitochondrial target genes(e.g.,COⅠ,Cytb,and D-Loop),as well as the associated technical methodologies.It further evaluates the advantages and limitations of various detection techniques,in-cluding quantitative PCR(qPCR),digital PCR(ddPCR),and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),and discusses innovative strategies integrating auxiliary technologies such as lateral flow assays(LFA),inhibitor miti-gation strategies,and nanosensors.While eDNA technology offers notable advantages,challenges such as primer design,environmental interference,and false positives and negatives remain.Future research should focus on standardizing methods,using hydrodynamic models to analyze eDNA distribution,and applying third-generation sequencing technologies,thereby advancing the use of eDNA for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and species con-servation.