基于MIKE21的黑河上游山区河流水环境数值模拟OA
Numerical simulation of water environment of mountainous river in the upper reaches of the Heihe River based on the MIKE21
为系统探究梯级水电开发下黑河上游河流水动力与水质的时空分布规律,本研究以黑河上游山区段为研究对象,采用 MIKE21构建了适用于该区域的水环境模型,模拟了总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)这 3项水质指标在 2023年 1-8月的动态变化.利用实测数据对模型进行参数率定和验证,分析了黑河上游段在丰水期、平水期、枯水期 3种条件下的水质变化特征.结果表明,构建的水动力水质模型表现较好,水动力模型决定系数(R2)为 0.89,平均相对误差(MRE)为 11.3%;水质模型 R2 平均值为 0.86,MRE平均值为 14.21%.水动力模拟结果表明,黑河上游段丰水期、平水期、枯水期条件下的平均流速分别为 1.78、0.72、0.36 m·s−1.自然河段流速较快,最高达 4.3 m·s−1,水动力条件较好;而库区段受水工建筑物的影响,水力停留时间较长,流速接近静止.水质模拟结果表明,不同水期下,TN、NH3-N 浓度枯、平水期较高,而 TP浓度丰水期较高;TP、TN、NH3-N 浓度在空间上表现为库区段高于自然河段,自然河段各质量浓度分别是 0.07～0.10、0.25～0.50、0.025～0.250 mg·L−1,库区段对应质量浓度分别为 0.12～0.17、0.60～0.80、0.10～0.45 mg·L−1.研究结果可为黑河水环境研究提供借鉴,对于内陆河流域的水环境治理具有重要意义.
In order to systematically investigate the impact of cascade hydropower development on the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrodynamic characteristics and water quality in the upper reaches of the Heihe River,this study taked the mountainous section of the upper Heihe River as the research project,and using the Hydrodynamic module coupled with the Advection-Dispersion module in MIKE21 FM,TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),and NH3-N(ammonia nitrogen)from January to August 2023 were selected as state variables for the water environment model.A water environment model suitable for the study area was constructed.Measured data were used for parameter calibration and validation of the model,and the water quality characteristics under three operational conditions—wet season,normal season,and dry season—were analyzed.The results showed that the constructed hydrodynamic-water quality model performed well,with the hydrodynamic model achieving an R2(coefficient of determination)value of 0.89 and an MRE(mean relative error)value of 11.3%.The average R2 and MRE values for the water quality model were 0.81 and 14.21%,respectively.The hydrodynamic simulation results indicated that the average flow velocities in the upper reaches of the Heihe River during the wet,normal,and dry seasons were 1.78,0.72,and 0.36 m·s−1,respectively.The flow velocity in the natural reach was fast,up to a maximum of 4.3 m·s−1,and the hydrodynamic conditions was good.In contrast,in reservoir areas affected by hydraulic structures,the hydraulic retention time was longer,and the flow velocity was close to static because of the influence of hydraulic structures.The results of water quality simulation showed that under different hydrodynamic conditions,TN and NH3-N concentrations were higher during the dry and normal seasons,while TP concentrations were higher during the wet season.Spatially,TP,TN,and NH3-N concentrations were higher in reservoir areas compared to natural river sections.The concentration ranges of TP,TN,and NH3-N in natural river sections were 0.07～0.10,0.25～0.50,0.025～0.250 mg·L−1,respectively,while in reservoir areas,the concentrations were 0.12～0.17,0.60～0.80,and 0.10～0.45 mg·L−1,respectively.The research results can provide reference for the study of water environment of Heihe River,and have important significance for the water environment treatment of inland rivers.
王昱;尉小珍;雒天峰;王浩;田苗;孙超;张晓龙;任伟龙;胡飞燕
兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050||西北低碳城镇支撑技术省部共建协同创新中心,兰州 730050兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050甘肃省水利厅水利工程建设造价与规费管理中心,兰州 730046兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州 730000兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050兰州理工大学土木与水利工程学院,兰州 730050
资源环境
黑河上游水环境数值模拟MIKE21
Upper Heihe Riverwater environmentnumerical simulationMIKE21
《环境工程学报》 2026 (7)
2120-2131,12
甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFFA0020)甘肃省重大专项(24ZDNA004)甘肃省2025年水利科研与技术推广项目联合资助(25GSLK011,25GSLK032)
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