蟾蜍化学成分及抗肿瘤作用研究进展OA

Toad,a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal material,possesses multiple therapeutic effects including detoxifica-tion,mass resolution,diuresis,edema reduction,and boil drainage with swelling alleviation.Modern applications primarily focus on its antitumor properties.Pharmacological studies have identified bufadienolides,indole alkaloids,sterols,and polypeptides as the primary antitumor components in toad.These compounds exert anticancer effects through regulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT,Wnt/β-catenin,NF-κB,and STAT3/p-STAT3,thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and apoptosis,disrupt-ing tumor cell division,impairing mitochondrial structure,inhibiting glycolysis in tumor cells,suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and reversing multidrug resistance(MDR).Toad and its extracts demonstrate significant inhibitory effects on head and neck tumors(e.g.,glioma,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma),lung cancer,diges-tive tract malignancies(e.g.,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,pancreatic cancer,colorectal cancer),and reproductive system tu-mors(e.g.,endometrial cancer,cervical cancer,breast cancer).Their therapeutic advantages include tumor size reduction,miti-gation of chemoradiotherapy side effects,immune enhancement,prevention of postoperative recurrence and metastasis,cancer pain relief,and improved quality of life.This review aims to elucidate the primary antitumor components of toad and their mecha-nisms of action in treating multisystem malignancies and related complications,thereby providing insights for clinical applications and future research directions.