核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展OA

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)or RNA molecules selected through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment(SELEX).They are widely employed as molecular probes in areas such as food safety and biomedicine.However,aptamers derived from conventional SELEX often show limitations in affinity,specificity,and stability.To overcome these shortcomings,post-SELEX optimization technology developed in recent years enable multidimensional synergistic improvements,thereby enhancing aptamer performance in practical applications.This review classifies and summarizes post-SELEX technology into three main strategies:truncation,chemical modification,and artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted optimization.Studies indicate that truncation can markedly enhance binding affinity,chemical modification effectively improves stability,and AI-assisted approaches substantially increase the success rate of targeted aptamer engineering.However,each technology has inherent limitations.Truncation risks disrupting key binding domains,chemical modification may compromise affinity,and AI-assisted approaches are often challenged by data scarcity.Nevertheless,the application of these technologies has significantly improved the overall performance of aptamers,providing crucial technical support for broadening their industrial applications.Future research will focus on developing integrated strategies that combine truncation,chemical modification,and AI;elucidating the mechanisms underlying aptamer structure-activity relationships;and constructing dedicated aptamer databases,so as to promote the industrial translation of aptamers.