近视发生发展中视网膜分子信号通路的调控机制及干预研究进展OA

Myopia has emerged as a significant global public health challenge,characterized by a complex pathogen-esis involving intricate interactions among multiple signaling pathways.As the primary site for visual signal perception and transduction,the retina plays a central role in initiating the myopic cascade.It detects changes in the visual environment,activates downstream molecular signaling pathways,and regulates cellular processes such as proliferation,apoptosis,extra-cellular matrix metabolism,and inflammatory responses.Through the retina-choroid-sclera signaling axis,the retina medi-ates scleral remodeling,thereby inducing abnormal elongation of the eye axis and promoting the occurrence and progression of myopia.This review systematically outlines the regulatory mechanisms of key signaling pathways—including dopamine,Wnt/β-catenin,ON/OFF,MAPK/ERK,TGF-β/Smad,and inflammation-related pathways—in myopia development.It fur-ther elucidates the role of epigenetic regulation in retinal signaling and summarizes intervention strategies based on retinal pathways,such as pharmacological,genetic,optical environment modulation,and cell-based therapies.This synthesis pro-vides a theoretical foundation and research directions for further understanding retinal mechanisms in myopia pathogene-sis,identifying molecular targets,and developing targeted precision interventions.