442份青稞种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析与优异种质筛选OA

To investigate the genetic diversity of key agronomic traits of highland barley germplasm resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the phenotypic genetic diversity of eight grain traits(grain area,grain length,grain width,grain thickness,grain diameter,grain roundness,1000-grain weight,and grain hardness)and four plant-architecture traits(plant height,internode length below the spike,spike length,and awn length)was analyzed based on 442 highland barley germplasm resources from Qinghai,Tibet,Sichuan,Gansu,Yunnan,and abroad,and elite germplasm were screened.The results showed that all traits followed a normal distribution,with coefficients of variation ranging from 4.31%to 32.70%;among them,the variation of awn length was the most significant,and the degree of variation in grain diameter was the smallest.The genetic diversity indices ranged from 1.84 to 2.10,with grain width and grain diameter being the largest and awn length being the smallest.Correlation analysis indicated that correlations were prevalent among various agronomic traits,with 1000-grain weight significantly correlated with the most traits(9)and plant height significantly correlated with the fewest traits(3).Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of PC1 was 37.621%,with grain diameter,grain area,grain width,grain thickness,and 1000-grain weight as the primary traits.The germplasms with the highest scores in the comprehensive trait analysis were Hudazi,Gabu,and Shenglibai.Cluster analysis divided the tested germplasm resources into five groups,with Group 1 having the largest number(415),high 1000-grain weight(43.72 g)and the lowest plant height(102.36 cm),exhibiting elite characteristics of high yield and lodging resistance.