麻醉药物与围术期管理影响肿瘤转归:从机制到临床的探索OA

Perioperative management,especially the selection and implementation of anesthesia protocols,is increasingly regarded as a potentially modifiable factor affecting long-term postoperative outcomes in tumor patients.This paper systematically discusses the key pathophysiological mechanisms in the perioperative period that influence tumor outcomes,including inflammation and immunosuppression caused by surgical trauma,physiological stress responses,and subsequent changes in the tumor microenvironment,which create opportunities for tumor cell escape and progression.It focuses on the potential effects of different types of anesthetics(sedative-hypnotics,inhaled anesthetics,local anesthetics,analgesics)on the biological behaviors of tumors(such as proliferation,invasion,metastasis,and immune response)as well as their possible molecular mechanisms.Meanwhile,this paper reviews current clinical research evidence on the impact of anesthesia modality selection and specific anesthesia management strategies on the prognosis of tumor patients.Although existing clinical evidence is insufficient to establish standardized perioperative anesthesia protocols that can significantly improve tumor prognosis,both basic and clinical studies strongly suggest that optimizing perioperative management(including the selection of anesthetics,the application of anesthesia techniques,and comprehensive supportive measures)has the potential to influence tumor outcomes by multi-dimensionally regulating the stress-inflammation-immune axis and the tumor microenvironment.Future research should focus on further clarifying the relevant mechanisms and conducting high-quality prospective clinical trials,so as to promote the establishment of evidence-based,precise and individualized perioperative management strategies for tumor patients,and ultimately improve long-term patient survival.