纵向风对高速列车通过隧道时压力波特性的影响OA
Influence of environmental wind on the pressure wave characteristics of high-speed trains passing through tunnels
高速列车进入隧道时引发的压力波是关乎列车运行安全与乘客乘坐舒适性的核心问题,其特性演化规律是高速轨道交通领域的研究重点.然而,现有研究多聚焦于理想的无风环境,纵向风对压力波的影响机制尚不明确.本文基于列车实际运行场景,考虑隧道内存在的纵向风环境,探究纵向风对列车通过隧道时压力波特性的影响.本文首先构建列车-隧道-纵向风数值仿真模型,通过实车试验进行验证,证实所提出的数值模型的合理性,并分析不同纵向风下350 km/h列车通过隧道时压力以及流场速度的变化,探究纵向风对压力波特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:在顺风情况下,通过促进气流扩散减弱对空气的压缩,降低压力;逆风则会加强空气压缩,导致压力增大;随着风速提升,纵向风对压力波特性的影响增强;在3 m/s的纵向风下,头车表面压力峰峰值和隧道中点处压力峰峰值较无风工况分别降低了4.8%和4.6%,而在风速为5 m/s时,其分别降低了7.7%和7.6%.此外,流场分析表明纵向风影响了隧道内压缩波的传播,顺风时高压区范围较小,相同等值线距离较近;逆风时则高压区范围较大,相同等值线距离较远.本文的研究成果可为纵向风下列车通过隧道的气动特性研究提供参考.
Pressure waves induced when high-speed trains enter tunnels are a core issue related to train operational safety and passenger ride comfort,and their evolution characteristics have long been a research focus in the field of high-speed rail transit.However,the existing studies mostly focus on ideal windless environments,and the influence mechanism of longitudinal wind on these pressure waves remains unclear.Based on actual train operation scenarios and considering the longitudinal wind environment in tunnels,the influence of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics during train tunnel passage was explored.In the paper,a numerical simulation model of train-tunnel-longitudinal wind was firstly established,and through full-scale tests,the rationality of the proposed numerical model was verified,and the changes in pressure and flow field velocity of 350 km/h trains passing through tunnels under different longitudinal winds was analyzed,the influence law of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics were exploried.The results show that tailwinds reduce air pressure by promoting airflow diffusion and weakening air compression,while headwinds intensify air compression,leading to increased pressure.As the wind speed increases,the influence of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics grows more pronounced.Compared with the windless condition,the peak-to-peak pressure on the head car surface and at the tunnel midpoint is reduced by 4.8%and 4.6%respectively under a 3 m/s longitudinal wind;at a wind speed of 5 m/s,these reductions reach 7.7%and 7.6%respectively.Furthermore,flow field analysis indicates that the propagation of compression waves in the tunnel is affected by longitudinal wind.A smaller high-pressure region with closer equivalent isobars is formed under tailwind conditions,while the opposite is observed under headwind conditions.The findings of the study can be utilized as a reference for research on the aerodynamic characteristics of trains passing through tunnels under longitudinal wind.
张洁;匡威;白夜;韩帅;刘堂红
中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学空气动力学国家铁路局铁路行业科技创新基地 (重点实验室),湖南 长沙,410075中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学空气动力学国家铁路局铁路行业科技创新基地 (重点实验室),湖南 长沙,410075中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京,100081中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学空气动力学国家铁路局铁路行业科技创新基地 (重点实验室),湖南 长沙,410075中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南 长沙,410075||中南大学空气动力学国家铁路局铁路行业科技创新基地 (重点实验室),湖南 长沙,410075
交通工程
高速列车隧道纵向风数值模拟压力波
high-speed traintunnellongitudinal windnumerical simulationpressure wave
《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》 2026 (6)
2456-2468,13
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2024JK2045)湖南省教育厅重点科研资助项目(24A0006)中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2024J001)中南大学高性能计算中心资助课题(2026)(Project(2024JK2045)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan ProvinceProject(24A0006)supported by the Key Project of Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Hunan ProvinceProject(P2024J001)supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China State Railway Group Co.Ltd.Project(2026)supported by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University)
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