植物低温响应与抗性机制的研究进展与展望OA

Cold is a critical environmental factor limiting crop geographical distribution,growth and develop-ment,as well as yield and quality.Although plants can initiate defensive responses to cold stress,the significant differences in tolerance among species indicate that the adaptive regulatory network remains incompletely understood,which has become a theoretical bottleneck in the genetic improvement of cold resistance.In recent years,substantial progress has been made in the identification of cold sensors and the characterization of downstream signaling pathways,establishing an initial molecular framework from signal perception to network activation.This review focuses on the mechanisms of cold perception and signal transduction in plants,summa-rizing recent advances in membrane fluidity changes,thermosensors,calcium signaling molecules,and the C-repeat binding factor-cold regulated(CBF-COR)cascade pathway.Furthermore,we discuss multiple strategies for enhancing cold tolerance,including genetic improvement,microbial interactions,exogenous substances and agronomic practices.Finally,we provide perspectives on future directions such as multi-omics integration,precise genome editing,development of functional microbial agents,and coordinated regulation of cold tolerance and growth balance,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of cold tolerance and green stress-tolerant crop production.