牦牛繁育关键技术创新应用、挑战及对策OA

Yak,an indigenous dominant livestock species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,holds significant strategic value in breeding efforts for maintaining plateau ecosystem stability,promoting sustainable economic development in pastoral areas,and preserving ethnic cultural heritage.At present,yak breeding remains predominantly reliant on conventional techniques,with the individual identification and performance measurement systems confronting bottlenecks such as susceptibility to data loss,non-standardized measurement procedures,and inadequate genetic evaluation mechanisms.With the continuous advancement of modern biotechnology,intelligent tools including electronic ear tags and intelligent phenotypic measurement are being progressively applied;molecular breeding technology systems such as genomic selection and gene chips are becoming increasingly sophisticated;and reproductive technologies including artificial insemination and embryo transfer are being steadily optimized-all of which provide robust support for accelerating genetic improvement in yaks.However,during the actual promotion and application process in plateau pastoral areas,challenges remain,including insufficient environmental adaptability of technical equipment,high application costs,weak grassroots technical capacity,and inconsistent data collection standards.To address these issues,it is imperative to establish a tiered and categorized technology extension system,improve the collaborative mechanism among government,enterprises,and research institutions,formulate technology standards and specifications tailored to plateau characteristics,and strengthen the cultivation of localized professional technical talents,thereby facilitating the on-the-ground application of key yak breeding technologies and providing tangible support for the revitalization of plateau pastoral areas and the high-quality development of the yak industry.This paper systematically reviews the current status of modern biotechnology applications in yak industry development from four dimensions-the application status of conventional breeding technologies,breakthrough progress in molecular breeding technologies,innovative applications of reproductive biotechnology,and integration of intelligent and digital technologies-analyzes key technological breakthroughs and their application outcomes,with the aim of offering theoretical references and practical insights for the innovation of China's distinctive livestock seed industry.