中国肉牛遗传改良研究进展与未来展望:从"追赶"到"创新"的种业振兴之路OA

The beef cattle industry is an important component of modern agriculture and livestock seed industry,and is closely associated with beef supply security,consumption upgrading,and rural industrial revitalization.Genetic improvement is a fundamental approach for improving production efficiency,beef quality,and seed industry competitiveness.Based on recent research progress and industrial practices in China,this review systematically summarizes the major advances in beef cattle genetic improvement from the perspectives of genetic resource conservation and evaluation,continuous selection of indigenous breeds,crossbreeding innovation and development of new breeds or lines,application of molecular breeding technologies,and construction of modern breeding systems.Overall,China has established a relatively rich foundation for cattle genetic resource conservation,and indigenous yellow cattle breeds show important value in meat quality,environmental adaptation,and stress resistance.Continuous selection of representative local breeds,including Qinchuan,Nanyang,Luxi,and Yanbian cattle,has achieved measurable progress,while independently developed breeds such as Xia'nan,Yanhuang,Liaoyu White,and Huaxi cattle have gradually strengthened domestic germplasm supply.Meanwhile,genomic selection,multi-omics integration,molecular marker discovery,and intelligent breeding decision-making are accelerating their transition from research to practical breeding.A modern beef cattle breeding framework supported by core breeding farms,bull stations,and national genetic evaluation systems has also been preliminarily established.However,several limitations remain,including insufficient continuous innovation of elite germplasm,inadequate accumulation of high-quality phenotypic data,incomplete multi-trait selection systems,weak coordination among breeding entities,and limited efficiency of technology transfer.Future efforts should focus on high-quality phenotypic and genotypic data accumulation,integration of genomic and multi-omics information,independent creation of elite germplasm,improvement of industry-university-research collaboration mechanisms,and construction of a national beef cattle breeding big data platform.These efforts will help improve the efficiency of beef cattle genetic improvement and support the revitalization of China's beef cattle seed industry.