国际肉牛育种进展对我国地方黄牛遗传改良的启示OA

As a foundational segment of the livestock industry,the beef cattle breeding sector contributed over 40%to the industry's development and represented a strategically vital and fundamentally core industry for the nation.Enhancing the independent innovation capability of livestock and poultry breeding was crucial for overcoming the"large but not strong"predicament of China's animal husbandry sector and for alleviating the issues of insufficient supply and high production costs in the beef cattle industry.However,China's beef cattle industry developed relatively late and from a limited foundation,and has long depended on the introduction of foreign breeds for crossbreeding improvement.This dependence led to the misconception that genetic improvement was synonymous with the use of exotic breeds,resulting in the decline of local yellow cattle populations and widespread disorder in crossbreeding practices.Despite considerable efforts,reliance on imported genetic resources has not been fundamentally reduced,posing a serious threat to national breeding security.China possessed abundant genetic resources for beef cattle,with 58 local yellow cattle breeds.Most of these breeds had unique advantages such as tolerance to roughage,strong stress resistance,and excellent meat quality,making them valuable materials for developing a distinctive beef cattle industry and revitalizing the national breeding sector.However,due to a long-term lack of systematic conservation,evaluation,and breeding investment,the progress in purebred selection and innovative utilization of local yellow cattle was slow.The weak joint breeding system,coupled with technological equipment and infrastructure lagged behind international advanced levels,and struggled to support the high-quality development of the modern beef cattle industry.This paper aimed to discuss the latest advancements in international beef cattle breeding,analyzed the key issues existing in the breeding of China's local yellow cattle,and explored future-oriented innovative pathways for genetic improvement.The review suggested that overcoming the current challenges in China's beef cattle breeding industry required breaking away from the path dependence of equating genetic improvement with the introduction of foreign breeds.It further highlighted the importance of exploiting the unique genetic resources of local yellow cattle,establishing joint breeding systems and national breeding data platforms,and promoting an independent breeding strategy driven by technological innovation,indigenous genetic resources,and organizational collaboration.