阿尔巴斯型绒山羊育种进展与产业发展OA

The breeding of Albasian Cashmere goats has undergone a long process of transformation.It started with traditional phenotypic selection to lay the foundation for the population,establishing that an inbreeding coefficient exceeding 6.25%will lead to a decrease in live weight,and reach 12.5%will result in inbreeding depression in cashmere yield.Then,through molecular marker-assisted selection,signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin,Shh,and TGF-β involved in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle were discovered,along with genes like CHP1,LEF1,KRTs/KRTAPs,and Tβ4 regulating the growth and development of cashmere.Additionally,candidate genes such as GALNTL5,PRLR,SOX5,and KISS1,which are associated with cashmere length,fineness,yield,reproduction,and body weight traits,were identified.Furthermore,whole-genome selection technology shortened the breeding generation interval from 4.5 years to 2 years,and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was employed to achieve a breakthrough improvement in cashmere yield by 74.5%.It was also discovered that H11 and Rosa26 are safe and efficient integration sites.This article aims to systematically summarize the research progress in the breeding of Albasian Cashmere goats,covering traditional breeding,molecular genetics fundamentals and functional gene research,genome selection breeding,and gene editing technology.It analyzes the current challenges faced and provides an outlook on future breeding directions