回望《中华人民共和国公务员法》立法OA
Looking Back on the Legislation of Law of the People's Republic of China on Civil Servants
《中华人民共和国公务员法》(以下简称《公务员法》)自2006年1月1日起施行,至2026年已满20周年.回望立法历程,其在公务员范围界定、党政领导干部与机关干部分类管理、职业制与职位制选择、监督激励与专业化队伍建设等关键问题上作出了具有中国特色的制度安排.《公务员法》突破了"法不言党"的传统法学观念,将七类党政机关工作人员统一纳入公务员范围,并在第四条明确写入"坚持党管干部原则",实现了党的机关工作人员依法管理、党的执政地位法律确认的双重目标,成为中国立法史上的重要突破.在管理体制上,《公务员法》区分了党政领导干部与党政机关干部,前者由党委及其组织部门按党内法规管理,后者按《公务员法》及其配套法规管理,形成了同一法律框架下统一性与差异性、多样性相结合的制度格局.在制度取向上,中国没有追随西方国家以职位制取代职业制的改革潮流,而是立足国情坚持职业制为主,保持公务员队伍稳定.实施20年来,公务员制度与党政领导干部制度双轨发展、并行不悖,配套法规体系日臻完备,分类管理、职务与职级并行等改革持续推进,监督与激励机制不断完善,专业化队伍建设稳步加强.回望《公务员法》立法,其历史经验对新时代深化干部人事制度改革、完善公务员制度仍具有重要启示意义.
Enforced since January 1,2006,the Civil Servant Law of the People's Republic of China marks its 20th anniversary in 2026.Looking back on the legislative journey,the law has made institutional arrangements with Chinese characteristics on key issues such as defining the scope of civil servants,the classified management of party organization leading officials and administration officials,the choice between a career system and a position system,and the supervision,motivation,and professional team building of the civil service.Breaking through the traditional legal concept of"law does not speak of the party,"the Civil Servant Law unified seven types of staff from party and government agencies into the scope of civil servants and explicitly wrote the principle of"adhering to the party's management of officials"into Article 4.This achieved the dual goal of managing party organ staff according to law and legally confirming the party's ruling status,marking a significant breakthrough in China's legislative history.In terms of management systems,the law distinguishes between party organization leading officials and party and government administration officials.The former are managed by party committees and their organizational departments according to intra-party regulations,while the latter are managed according to the Civil Servant Law and its supporting regulations,forming a system pattern that combines unity with diversity and variability under the same legal framework.Regarding institutional orientation,China did not follow the Western trend of replacing the career system with a position system but insisted on a career system based on national conditions to maintain the stability of the civil service.Over the past 20 years of implementation,the civil servant system and the leading official system have developed on two tracks in parallel.The supporting regulatory system has become increasingly complete,reforms such as classified management and the parallel system of ranks and grades have continued,and supervision,incentive mechanisms,and professional team building have been steadily strengthened.Reviewing the legislation of the Civil Servant Law,its historical experience remains highly instructive for deepening the reform of the official personnel system and improving the civil servant system in the new era.
林弋
社会科学
公务员法立法回顾公务员范围党管干部分类管理
Civil Servant LawLegislative reviewScope of civil servantsParty's management of officialsClassified management
《中国人事科学》 2026 (6)
1-9,9
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