蒙贝利亚×荷斯坦杂交后代与荷斯坦牛重要经济及功能性状比较分析OA

To evaluate the crossbreeding effect between Montbéliarde and Holstein cattle,frozen semen from introduced Montbéliarde bulls was used as the paternal line to crossbreed with Chinese Holstein cows.Production-related data from 2021 to 2024 were collected from a dairy farm in Jiangsu Province.Using general linear models and Logistic regression,a comparative study was conducted on reproductive,lactation,growth,and health traits between Montbéliarde×Holstein crossbred first-generation(F1)cows(n=267)and purebred Holstein cows(n=519).The results showed that,regarding reproductive traits,for heifers,F1 crossbreds had significantly older age at first service,longer interval between first and last service,more services per conception,older age at first calving,longer gestation length,and higher stillbirth rate than Holsteins(P<0.05).For parous cows,F1 crossbreds had a significantly shorter interval between first and last service,fewer services per conception,shorter calving interval,fewer days open,and lower stillbirth rate than Holsteins(P<0.01),but a significantly longer gestation length(P<0.05,281.68 days vs.279.05 days).The first-service conception rate was significantly higher in F1 crossbreds than in Holsteins(62.15%vs.53.38%,P<0.05).Regarding lactation traits,F1 cows had significantly higher milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage,and somatic cell score than Holsteins(P<0.05),but a significantly lower 305-day milk yield(P<0.05).Regarding growth traits,F1 heifer calves had significantly higher birth weight and weaning weight than Holstein calves(P<0.05).Regarding health traits,postpartum blood ketone levels,productive lifespan in cows,and serum IgG concentration in F1 calves were significantly better than those in their Holstein counterparts(P<0.05).In summary,compared to purebred Holstein cows,F1 parous crossbred cows demonstrated significant advantages in reproductive performance,milk composition,calf health indicators,and productive lifespan.These results provide a reference for dairy farm crossbreeding programs and management practices.