美国的深海采矿活动应遵守的国际法OACHSSCD

The U.S.President Donald Trump signed the Act to Open Development of Critical Minerals and Resources in America's Offshore Areas in April 2025,taking a substantial step toward unilaterally permitting the commercial exploitation of minerals in the international seabed.As a non-party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),the United States is not bound by Part Ⅺ of the Convention concerning the international seabed.However,it should comply with customary international law governing the use of international seabed resources.This includes the principle that the international seabed is the common heritage of humankind,the obligation to prevent damage to the marine environment from seabed mining,and the concept that benefits from seabed mineral resources should be shared internationally.If the U.S.deep-sea mining practices violate customary international law,the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea may have jurisdiction over certain related disputes.Additionally,the Assembly or Council of the International Seabed Authority may request advisory opinions from the Seabed Disputes Chamber on relevant legal issues,and domestic courts of concerned states may also exercise jurisdiction over disputes involving their national interests or the common interests of the international community.On the other hand,the international community should actively promote the International Seabed Authority to expedite the adoption of regulations for seabed mining,including corresponding environmental protection guidelines and benefit-sharing mechanisms.It should also prepare responses to potential U.S.actions that may undermine customary international law on the use of international seabed resources,including researching and discussing joint countermeasures.