从"规则准入"到"规则形塑":全球南方语境下中国在亚非法协的角色跃迁研究OACHSSCD

The Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization(AALCO)provides a distinctive institutional arena in which countries of the Global South can coordinate legal positions,strengthen professional capacity,and intervene in the development of international law.Examining China's participation from 2011 to 2024,this study argues that its role evolved through three interconnected stages:rule access,rule initiative,and rule shaping.This progression was neither linear nor merely rhetorical.Rather,each stage accumulated the legal expertise,institutional resources,and normative legitimacy required for the next. During the rule-access stage from 2011 to 2013,China primarily sought to preserve policy space for developing countries within the existing legal order.On climate change,maritime governance,treaty relations,and the immunity of state officials,it emphasized differentiated responsibilities,sovereign equality,development needs,and capacity constraints.By combining developmental claims with technical legal argumentation,China attempted to prevent emerging rules from imposing disproportionate burdens on Global South states.These practices remained largely defensive,yet they helped China acquire experience in multilateral legal negotiation and establish credibility as an advocate of developing-country interests. Building on this foundation,China entered the rule-initiative stage between 2014 and 2020.It promoted the agenda of international law in cyberspace,supported counter-terrorism cooperation,encouraged the creation of specialized working mechanisms,and launched the China-AALCO Exchange and Research Program on International Law.Through these initiatives,China moved beyond responding to externally defined rules and began identifying emerging issues before their normative frameworks had fully consolidated.Agenda setting was therefore linked to capacity building:by helping member states improve legal expertise and coordinate positions,China contributed to converting dispersed Southern concerns into more coherent negotiating resources. Since 2021,this accumulated capacity has supported a further transition toward rule shaping.China has advanced proposals concerning the methodology of international law codification,the inclusion of non-Western legal practices and scholarship,coordination between maritime and climate treaty regimes,and the institutionalization of mediation-based dispute settlement.The significance of these proposals lies in their systemic character.China has increasingly sought not only to influence individual rules,but also to affect the procedures,sources,and institutional mechanisms through which international law is produced and applied. This role transition resulted from the interaction of global multipolarization,China's growing foreign-related legal capacity,and the reconstruction of normative consensus within the Global South.China's experience in AALCO consequently reveals a broader pathway for Southern agency:permanent legal cooperation platforms can transform fragmented developmental demands into collective bargaining power,institutional connectivity,and sustained normative influence.In this sense,AALCO demonstrates how international law may be gradually redirected toward greater pluralism,sovereign equality,developmental justice,and institutional inclusiveness from within the existing order.