"十五五"时期汽车产业数智化转型主要问题与制度供给研究OACHSSCD

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period(2026-2030),the digital and intelligent transformation of China's automotive industry has entered a critical phase:moving from isolated applications to the restructuring of the entire industrial chain,underpinned by the scale advantages,supply chain completeness,and established electrification foundation of the industry.Based on policy text analysis and international comparative research,this paper systematically examines the achievements,challenges,and institutional supply conditions of the digital and intelligent transformation of China's automotive industry.The challenges hindering the digital and intelligent transformation of China's automotive industry are fourfold.First,insufficient provision of public goods,such as standards and interfaces,constrains cross-entity collaboration efficiency.Second,imperfect data property rights and revenue distribution mechanisms limit the market-oriented allocation of data as a factor of production.Third,weak transformation capabilities of small and medium-sized parts suppliers cause a synergy bottleneck in the supply chain.Fourth,spillover effects of international rules shift market access from constraints through border-based measures to process-based governance,significantly increasing fixed compliance costs.Taking the collaborative models of the European Union's Catena-X,Germany's International Data Spaces,and Japan's automotive software platform as examples,this paper mainly analyzes their institutional mechanisms in areas such as the supply of standards as public goods,data sovereignty protection,chain leader leadership,and organizational embeddedness,as well as the implications for the digital and intelligent transformation of China's automotive industry.Accordingly,this paper proposes that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,policy instruments for the digital and intelligent transformation of China's automotive industry should shift from project-based subsidies to institutional supply.Specifically,national unified standards and the provision of public infrastructure should be leveraged to reduce institutional frictions in cross-entity collaboration;systems for rights confirmation,authorization,revenue distribution,trusted circulation,and compliance auditing should be established to improve the allocation efficiency of data factors;chain leader leadership should be harnessed to drive the synchronous digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises;and institutionalized capacity building for overseas expansion should be strengthened.