基于代谢组学分析油莎豆粕复合发酵物促进育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、免疫及抗氧化能力的作用机制OA

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Cyperus esculentus meal and herbal medicine compound fermentation product as a feed additive on the growth,immune and antioxi-dant performance in finishing pigs,and to analyze the mechanism of action through non-targeted metabolomics.Sixty Duroc×Landrace×York-shire crossbred finishing pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate.The trial was set up with a control group(CK group)and fermented Cyperus esculentus meal and Chinese herbal compound group(FC group).The CK group received a basal diet without any supplements,while the FC group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1%fermented Cyperus esculentus meal and Chi-nese herbal compound.The trial lasted for 35 days,growth,immune and antioxidant indicators were mea-sured,and non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the jejunal contents of pigs.The results showed that compared with the CK group,the FC group significantly increased final body weight and aver-age daily gain(P<0.05),while the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,and dressing percentage were significantly higher in the FC group than those in the CK group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in meat quality between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with the CK group,the FC group showed significant increases in serum levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),and interleukin-10(IL-10)(P<0.05),while the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels in the serum were significantly higher in the FC group(P<0.05),while the malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly lower(P<0.05).A total of 906 differential metabolites were identified between the two groups,including 566 up-regulated and 340 down-regulated metabolites.These differential metabolites were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis,pyrimi-dine metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,tyrosine metabolism,and α-linolenic acid metabolism signaling pathways.After sectioning multiple tissues from two groups of pigs and staining them with hematoxylin and eosin,microscopic examination revealed no differences between the two groups.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1%Cyperus esculentus meal and herbal medicine compound fer-mentation product improves the growth,immunity and antioxidant performance in finishing pigs by regulat-ing the metabolic profile of jejunal contents,particularly through activating key pathways including arginine biosynthesis,pyrimidine metabolism,and α-linolenic acid metabolism,thereby enhancing nutrient metabo-lism and antioxidant capacity.