面向极端环境的单晶光纤传感技术研究进展OA

Extreme environments,including aerospace,nuclear reactors,and deep-earth exploration,impose stringent requirements on reliable sensing technologies.Traditional silica-based optical fibers are prone to structural degradation under high temperatures and intense radiation.In contrast,single-crystal optical fibers,represented by sapphire and yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG),have attracted attention as promising alternative media due to their excellent physical and chemical stability.This paper reviews the research progress of single-crystal optical fiber sensing technologies tailored for extreme environments.It summarizes the evolution of mainstream growth techniques for single-crystal optical fibers,such as laser-heated pedestal growth and the micro-pulling-down method,and discusses the improvements in mode control achieved through the development of cladding structures.Furthermore,it provides an in-depth analysis of the applications of in situ microstructure processing technologies—typified by femtosecond laser plane-by-plane inscription—in the fabrication of sensing components like high-quality fiber Bragg gratings.The paper also reviews practical monitoring applications of single-crystal optical fiber sensors under extreme operating conditions,including ultra-high temperatures,intense radiation,and high pressures.Finally,it outlines the future development trajectories of single-crystal optical fiber sensing technology,particularly focusing on material defect suppression,the preparation of specialized claddings,and anti-interference in signal demodulation.