风电场噪声和电磁辐射对鸟类的影响及其响应机制OA

Wind energy,as a pollution-free and renewable clean energy source,plays a significant role in alleviating issues such as climate warming and energy shortage,and has great potential for development and utilization.However,the construction and operation of wind farms inevitably have an impact on the surrounding environment and the biodiversity within the area.Among these,the impact of electromagnetic and noise generated during the operation of wind farms on animals,especially birds,and their response mechanisms have not yet been clearly and comprehensively reviewed.A systematic review of the literature on the relationship between wind farm noise and electromagnetic radiation and birds had been conducted,and the multiple effects and potential mechanisms of wind farm noise and electromagnetic radiation on the physiology,behavior,reproduction,etc.of birds had been summarized.Wind farm noise could affect birds through mechanisms such as triggering physiological stress responses,causing acoustic masking effects,and interfering with their energy distribution;electromagnetic radiation could disrupt the migration navigation and reproductive behaviors of birds,leading to disordered orientation ability and decreased reproductive success.Birds could also adapt to the potential adverse effects of noise and electromagnetic radiation generated during the operation of wind farms through behavioral regulation.From the perspective of promoting the coordinated win-win development of green energy and biodiversity protection,it is suggested to start by optimizing the location of wind farms,adopting equipment types that are friendly to birds,and improving wind turbine technology,in order to effectively reduce the negative impact of noise and electromagnetic radiation on birds.