滴灌施肥对宁夏灌区玉米生长、产量及水肥利用效率的影响OA

[Objective]To address the issues of unclear drip irrigation volume and low irrigation water utilization efficiency in corn production in Ningxia Yellow River pumping irrigation areas,explore the effects of different drip irrigation volumes on corn yield and water utilization efficiency,and propose an appropriate drip irrigation technology model for corn in the irrigation areas.[Method]Taking the conventional full irrigation(with a 6 000.0 m3/hm2 irrigation quota)as the control,four drip irrigation treatments(with irrigation quotas of 2 250.0,3 000.0,3 750.0,and 4 500.0 m3/hm2)were set up to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on corn photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and water utilization efficiency.[Result]During the jointing stage of corn,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and instantaneous water utilization efficiency of corn in the full irrigation treatment were 6.9%-23.3%,2.7%-18.7%,and 14.3%-22.0%higher than those in the drip irrigation treatment,respectively.During the tasseling stage,the net photosynthetic rate and instantaneous water utilization efficiency of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 4 500.0 m3/hm2 were 4.34%and 20.0%higher than those in the full irrigation treatment.During the maturity stage,the dry matter mass per plant of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 4 500.0 m3/hm2 was 2.3%higher than that in the full irrigation treatment.The plant height,ear length,and hundred-grain weight of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 4 500.0 m3/hm2 were 3.9%,6.9%,and 8.5%higher than those in the full irrigation treatment,respectively.The corn yield of the drip irrigation treatment was 12.7%higher than that of the full irrigation treatment,followed by the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 3 750.0 m3/hm2,which increased the yield by 6.3%compared to the full irrigation treatment.Under the drip irrigation treatment,the water consumption of corn was significantly reduced by 18.3%-39.4%compared to the full irrigation treatment,and the irrigation water utilization efficiency and water utilization efficiency were increased by 41.9%-138.2%and 35.3%-52.9%,respectively.The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer productivity of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 3 750.0 m3/hm2 and 4 500.0 m3/hm2 were higher than those of the full irrigation treatment,with the nitrogen fertilizer productivity increasing by 0.3%and 6.6%,the phosphorus fertilizer productivity increasing by 0.3%and 6.4%,and the potassium fertilizer productivity increasing by 0.3%and 6.4%,respectively.The net income of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 3 750.0 m3/hm2 was similar to that of the full irrigation treatment,while the net income of the drip irrigation treatment with an irrigation quota of 4 500.0 m3/hm2 was 1 261.4 yuan/hm2 higher than that of the full irrigation treatment,representing an increase of 12.6%.[Conclusion]The drip irrigation treatments with irrigation quotas of 3 750.0-4 500.0 m3/hm2 can achieve increased yield and income while reducing water consumption by 25.0%-37.5%.This is an appropriate irrigation regime for corn production in the Ningxia irrigation areas.