黑龙江省水稻直播栽培现状、制约因素与发展展望OA

Heilongjiang Province is a core production area for japonica rice in China,and its rice production is crucial to national food security.Direct-seeding of rice has become an important complement to traditional transplanting methods due to its advantages in labor savings,cost reduction,and water conservation.However,the unique natural conditions in cold regions impose multiple constraints on its promotion and application.In order to clarify the development path of direct seeding cultivation technology in cold-climate rice-growing regions,this study systematically investigated the planting scale,regional distribution,and technical application characteristics of direct-seeded rice in Heilongjiang Province by combining field research,data monitoring,and comparative analysis.It analyzed the core constraints from the dimensions of natural conditions,technical bottlenecks,economic and social factors,policy and industrial chains,and ecological sustainability.Drawing on successful experiences from cold region rice-growing areas both domestically and internationally,as well as climate change trends and the context of digital agricultural development,the study proposes targeted development strategies and implementation pathways.The results showed that in 2022,the area of direct-seeded rice in Heilongjiang Province reached 566 700 ha,accounting for 14.2％of the total rice planting area.The adoption rate of Beidou-navigated precision seeders was 42％,cold-tolerant early-maturing varieties were popularized over 80 000 ha,and water saving reached 80 m3·(667 m2)-1.Significant progress had been made in mechanization,intellectualization and variety improvement.However,prominent problems remain,such as unstable seedling emergence rate,high cost of weed control,and a yield that is 13.1％lower than that of transplanted rice.Insufficient low temperature and accumulated heat,and the degradation of black soil were the primary natural constraints.Insufficient variety adaptability,low integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy practices,and lagging weed control technologies were the core technical bottlenecks.Small-scale farmers' weak resilience to risks and lack of technical training were important socioeconomic factors.Fragmented policy support and poor coordination along the industrial chain further complicate the challenge of widespread adoption.Furthermore,development strategies are proposed from the aspects of variety innovation,promotion of smart agricultural machinery,policy-industry chain coordination,integration of green models,and regional optimization of technologies.A technology diffusion model driven by risk sharing and social networks was constructed,an adaptive scheme for climate change and a digital smart rice farming system were designed,and a three-year action plan for 2026-2028 was formulated.