楚雄烟区植烟土壤理化性状调查及保育策略OA

In order to clarify the physicochemical properties of tobacco-growing soils and major limiting factors in the Chuxiong Tobacco Growing Region,and to scientifically formulate soil conservation plans,a large-scale soil survey was conducted in 93 tobacco-growing towns across 8 counties and 2 cities in the region from 2021 to 2024.A total of 11 564 topsoil samples were collected,and indicators such as soil type,texture,pH,organic matter,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and water-soluble chloride were systematically measured.Grade evaluations were also carried out in accordance with industry standards.The results showed that purple soil was the main type of tobacco-growing soil in the study area,accounting for 69.95％.The topsoil texture with the highest proportion was clay(50.56％),which is prone to compaction.The average soil pH was 6.32,generally within the suitable slightly acidic to neutral range,with only a small number of plots showing acid-base imbalance.The average organic matter content was 22.89 g·kg-1,and 31.84％of the plots had low organic matter levels.Hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were prominent,with 58.61％and 63.98％of the plots,respectively,having low nutrient levels.Nearly half of the plots had insufficient available potassium.Water-soluble chloride content was normal in 77.24％of the plots,while 4.91％had high chloride levels.Spatial variability of all nutrient indicators was relatively large.Overall,the main issues with tobacco-growing soils in the Chuxiong Region include high clay content and susceptibility to compaction,overall insufficient organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency,uneven potassium distribution,and local chloride excess.Based on regional soil endowments and tobacco production needs,differentiated conservation and improvement strategies were proposed from six aspects,construction of a soil conservation system,optimization of tillage systems,precise soil fertility improvement,green production transformation,long-term monitoring and management,and technological innovation support.