继发性骨质疏松症的诊治困境及其进展OA

Secondary osteoporosis(SOP)is a complex metabolic bone disorder caused by a wide range of system-ic diseases.At present,the prevention and management of SOP remain challenging because of difficulties in early identifi-cation and the lack of comprehensive clinical guidelines,making SOP an important public health concern that deserves greater attention.This review systematically summarizes the pathogenesis,current diagnostic and therapeutic status,and recent advances in SOP associated with diseases of the respiratory,digestive,rheumatologic,endocrine,cardiovascular,hematologic,and renal systems.In addition,the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of SOP secondary to different systemic diseases are critically discussed.Current evidence suggests that the prevention and treatment of SOP urgently re-quire a transition from a"single-disease management"model to a"multimorbidity management"approach.It is essential to promote awareness of skeletal health among different medical specialties,establish disease-specific clinical guidelines,integrate cost-effective comprehensive intervention strategies,and develop multidisciplinary collaborative pathways to a-chieve dual benefits in controlling primary diseases and preserving bone health.