全球清洁能源发展现状、消费结构演变及发展趋势OA

Global primary energy consumption has continued to grow steadily,while carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion have exacerbated climate change.In response,clean energy has experienced rapid development because of its zero carbon dioxide emissions during consumption,which has significantly accelerated the global green and low-carbon energy transition.This study systematically reviewed the current development status and evolving consumption structure of global clean energy,aiming to provide valuable decision-making references for energy transition and climate governance.Based on long-term statistical data from 1999 to 2023 sourced from the International Energy Agency(IEA),the International Renewable Energy Agency(IRENA),and the Energy Institute(EI),this study employed time-series analysis and comparative research methods to comprehensively analyze global clean energy(including hydro,wind,solar,geothermal,and ocean energy)across multiple dimensions,including total consumption,structural changes,installed capacity,electricity generation costs,and regional differences.Results indicate that from 2000 to 2023,global primary energy consumption grew at an average annual rate of 2.0%,while the share of clean energy in total consumption rose from 7.6%to 13.0%.The internal structure of clean energy has undergone a fundamental transformation:the share of hydro energy fell from over 90%to 49.1%,while wind(26.9%)and solar(19.0%)together accounted for nearly half of the total,becoming the core engines of growth.Global cumulative installed capacity of clean energy reached 3,859.30 GW,with an average annual growth rate of 9.4%.Compared with 2011,the costs of photovoltaic and wind power decreased by 85.2%and 67.6%,respectively,demonstrating significant improvements in cost-effectiveness.China has emerged as the absolute leader,accounting for 38.2%of global installed capacity and 16.0%of global clean energy consumption,while Nordic countries have taken the lead in achieving high-proportion clean energy substitution.Clean energy is transitioning from a"supplementary energy source"to a"mainstream energy source."In the future,its share in global primary energy consumption will continue to rise,with wind and solar further consolidating their dominant position,China's leading role steadily strengthening,and the sector becoming increasingly intertwined with critical mineral supply chain security.It is recommended that countries coordinate efforts to upgrade power grid infrastructure and intensify critical mineral exploration to support the large-scale and high-quality development of clean energy.