美国加州农业水资源管理体系及其对中国西北干旱区的治理启示OACHSSCD

Water scarcity has long been a major constraint on agricultural development in northwestern China.To address this issue,this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the highly effective water management and utilization mechanisms in California,USA,and identifies a series of key strategies with practical application value for the arid regions in northwestern China.To address issues such as regional imbalances in precipitation,water reserves and water demand,California has implemented macro-level regulation across multiple fronts.Through water transfer projects,water rights trading markets and legislation,it has achieved a rational allocation of existing water resources,gradually forming a comprehensive water resource management system.This system has demonstrated its resilience and effectiveness in responding to two major drought events in California and resolving water allocation challenges in the Imperial Valley.The arid regions in northwestern China and California,USA share similarities in terms of climate,water reserves and precipitation.Drawing on California's experience,northwestern China can improve water use efficiency by increasing surface water supply,reducing groundwater extraction,expanding vegetation cover,and improving irrigation technologies.These measures will facilitate the optimal allocation and rational utilization of water resources,thereby laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of agriculture.