离子液体在纺织印染加工中的应用进展OA

Ionic liquids(ILs),with their adjustable structures,low volatility,strong dissolving capacity,and multifunctionality,serve as key materials driving the green transformation of the textile printing and dyeing industry.This review elaborates on their application progress,mechanisms,and challenges throughout the entire textile processing chain. In the field of green spinning,ILs have replaced the highly polluting viscose process and the costly N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)process,emerging as ideal solvents for regenerated cellulose fibers.The development of novel solvent systems,the introduction of co-solvents,and the optimization of coagulation processes enable the preparation of fibers with excellent mechanical properties,while also providing a platform for the one-step fabrication of multifunctional fibers.Computational chemistry and machine learning have accelerated the rational design of efficient IL solvents with low melting points,demonstrating immense potential in the preparation of nanofibers from proteins,synthetic polymers,and via electrospinning.During pretreatment,ILs synergize with physical fields or act as efficient catalysts,achieving energy conservation and fiber protection.For instance,ILs containing extended π-conjugated systems can catalyze the bleaching of cotton fabrics with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)at room temperature,and exhibit remarkable effects in wool anti-felting,silk,and bast fiber degumming.In dyeing and printing,ILs find diverse applications:as fiber pretreatment agents,they enhance dye uptake depth;as dyeing auxiliaries,they replace traditional salts and alkalis;and as full-solvent media,they enable the construction of water-free dyeing systems.Recently,the cationic modification of acid dyes using ILs has facilitated high-quality direct inkjet printing on unpretreated nylon fabrics.In functional finishing,ILs,as novel finishing agents,can integrate multiple functions through molecular design.Imidazolium and quaternary ammonium salt-based ILs inherently possess antibacterial properties and can confer efficient and durable antibacterial performance to fabrics when combined with nanomaterials;phosphorus-and boron-containing ILs can act as highly effective flame retardants.Research has advanced towards multifunctional integration,such as endowing cotton fabrics with simultaneous flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and antibacterial properties.In wastewater treatment,hydrophobic ILs serve as efficient extractants for dye removal,while IL-modified adsorbents enhance adsorption capacity and selectivity.In the detection of harmful printing and dyeing chemicals,the use of ILs in sample pretreatment improves detection sensitivity and selectivity. Despite their promising prospects,the large-scale application of ILs still faces challenges,including high costs,complex recycling processes,slow research and development,a lack of long-term ecotoxicological data,and compatibility issues with existing equipment.Future research should focus on developing low-cost,low-toxicity ILs;innovating low-energy-consumption recycling technologies;deepening the study of"structure-property"relationships;promoting multifunctional integrated applications;and conducting life cycle assessments.Through interdisciplinary collaboration and industry-academia-research synergy,IL technology holds the potential to lead the textile printing and dyeing industry into a new era.