高寒地区露天矿退化生态系统地上-地下协同恢复原理与技术的研究进展与展望OA
Research progress and prospects on the principles and technologies of above-ground and below-ground coordinated restoration of degraded ecosystems of open-pit mines in high-cold region
高寒地区露天矿开采导致植被退化、土壤结构破坏以及频繁的冻融扰动等一系列生态问题,加剧了植物群落与生态系统功能恢复的难度与复杂性.本研究系统综述了高寒矿区生态退化的现状、相关理论以及关键修复技术.通过与国内外典型高寒退化生态系统的对比分析,阐明高寒矿区生态系统冻融频繁、水文紊乱、风蚀以及植被定植困难等问题,提出加强地上-地下协同恢复理念:1)强调地上生态系统修复应着重筛选耐寒乡土植物并优化混播群落配置,配合植物促生的多菌群复合修复技术以促进植被恢复;2)建议地下生态系统修复以工程土壤剖面重构为基础,结合"物理-化学-生物"多维修复技术手段,实现地上与地下生物群落重建与功能恢复;3)建立渐进式修复框架,短期目标侧重土壤稳定与结构改善,中期目标聚焦多功能植物–土壤群落构建,长期目标实现"自维持、免维护"的恢复生态系统.最后,针对高寒矿区地上-地下生物群落协同作用机理不明、修复技术环境适应性不足等问题,提出 2点展望:1)深化"地上-地下"协同机理研究,揭示耐寒微生物与植物的互作规律;2)推进适应高寒环境的特色修复技术研发.
Open-pit mining in high-cold regions has caused vegetation degradation,soil structure damage,and frequent freeze–thaw disturbances,which significantly increase the difficulty and complexity of restoring plant communities and ecosystem functions.This research systematically reviewed the current status of ecological degradation,related theories,and key restoration technologies in high-cold mining areas.Through a comparison with typical degraded mining ecosystems in High-cold Regions both within China and internationally,this study identified major ecological issues characterized by frequent freeze-thaw cycles,hydrological disruption,wind erosion,and difficulties in vegetation establishment.To strengthen the concept of above-ground and below-ground coordinated restoration,this study emphasized that:1)Above-ground restoration should focus on selecting cold-tolerant native plant species and optimizing mixed sowing configurations,combined with multimicrobial consortium techniques to promote vegetation recovery;2)Below-ground restoration should be based on engineering soil profile reconstruction,integrating physical,chemical,and biological restoration measures to achieve the reconstruction and functional recovery of above-ground and below-ground biotic communities;and 3)A progressive restoration framework should be established,with short-term goals focusing on soil stabilization and structural improvement,medium-term goals on building multifunctional plant–soil communities,and long-term goals on achieving self-sustaining and low-maintenance ecosystems.Finally,in view of the unclear synergistic mechanisms between above-ground and below-ground biotic communities and the insufficient environmental adaptability of restoration technologies in high-cold mining areas,this study proposed:1)Deepening research on above-ground and below-ground synergistic mechanisms to reveal the interaction patterns between cold-tolerant microorganisms and plants;and 2)Promoting the development of specialized restoration technologies adapted to high-cold environments.
张乃莉;尉桐瑞;李星轩;徐长友;刘永杰;曲来叶
北京林业大学林学院,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083||北京林业大学林学院,森林培育与保护重点实验室,北京 100083||国家林业和草原局黑龙江三江平原湿地生态观测研究站,双鸭山 155618北京林业大学林学院,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083北京林业大学林学院,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083国家电投集团内蒙古能源有限公司,通辽 028000国家电投集团内蒙古能源有限公司,通辽 028000中国科学院生态环境研究中心,区域与城市生态安全全国重点实验室,北京 100085||中国科学院大学,北京 100049
资源环境
露天矿生态恢复土壤重构植物群落重建高寒地区
open pit mineecological restorationsoil reconstructionplant community rehabilitationhigh-cold region
《环境工程学报》 2026 (6)
1706-1715,10
国家电投集团内蒙古能源有限公司项目(360018JX0120230003)
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