磁场调控微生物功能特化优化环境生物过程的研究进展OA

Microbial communities constitute the fundamental functional units of environmental biotechnology.In recent years,magnetic field technology has emerged as a promising noninvasive physical enhancement approach for wastewater treatment and waste valorization.Earlier investigations demonstrated that magnetic field intensification often resulted in a decoupling between enhanced system performance and reduced microbial diversity.This review elucidated that the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon was the functional specialization of microbial communities driven by magnetic fields.Magnetic fields acted on paramagnetic targets involved in energy metabolism,including iron–sulfur clusters and cytochromes,thereby altering the physicochemical properties of cell surfaces,inducing oxidative stress,and selectively enriching metabolically versatile strains through multiple mechanisms.These processes facilitated the directional enrichment of key functional groups,particularly ammonia-oxidizing and electroactive bacteria within the phylum Proteobacteria.Although such specialized communities exhibit reduced taxonomic diversity,they demonstrated enhanced energy metabolic efficiency,strengthened electron transfer capacity,optimized interspecies cooperation networks,and improved system robustness.Collectively,these attributes contributed to the efficient and stable performance of biological processes at the macroscopic scale.This review also discussed the potential limitations of this strategy in terms of ecosystem resilience and context dependence,and highlighted future directions involving quantitative modeling and the integration of magnetic materials to promote the transition of magnetic field technology from empirical application toward rational design.