尾矿库泄漏次生水体污染对水生生物的复合胁迫效应研究进展OA

The secondary,abrupt water pollution incidents caused by the leakage of tailings pond can impose an intense shock on natural waters within a short time by generating combined high-turbidity and heavy-metal contamination,thereby threatening aquatic ecosystem health.Existing studies have systematically revealed the contamination characteristics and biological effects of such events,highlighting their fundamental differences from natural high-turbidity water bodies and industrial wastewater spills.Compared with natural high-turbidity waters,the proportion of fine particles input by tailings pond leakage was higher and the particle size was finer,resulting in stronger turbidity stress intensity and longer persistence.Meanwhile,the enrichment degree of heavy metals in tailings sand was much higher than those in natural sediments,and its active forms counted for a high proportion and have strong bioavailability,which can drive pronounced bioaccumulation and toxic effects,the species richness of the benthic community decreased for a long time.In contrast to industrial wastewater spills,tailings dam leaks released high concentrations of fine suspended particles and heavy metals in multiple chemical forms,producing a distinctive"physical–chemical"combined stress.This synergy amplified biological toxicity through multiple pathways,including mechanical injury,light limitation,and oxidative stress,leading to relatively severe and often irreversible ecological damage,such as impaired fish swimming behavior and collapse of benthic community structure.Analyzing the long-term ecological impacts of tailings dam leaks from a combined-stressor perspective of compound stress was helpful to provide a scientific basis for the emergency disposal of related sudden waster pollution incidents and the prevention and control of medium and long-term ecological risks.